BACKGROUND AND AIMS Covering whole vines with shade cloth is used to protect the vines from heat stress, but may have costs on vine productivity through reduced light availability. Our aim was to assess the carbon balance of vines growing with and without shade to quantify the impact of the covering. METHODOLOGY Whole vines were covered with 70 % shade cloth, and shoot leaf area and leaf, ste...

Two main tasks in the field of volumetric image processing are acquisition and visualization of 3D data. The main challenge is to reduce processing costs, while maintaining high accuracy. To achieve these goals for volume rendering (visualization), we demonstrate that non-separable box splines for body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices can be adapted to fast evaluation on graphics hardware. Thus, t...

background determining and understanding of healthcare costs and its financing method is one of the most important subjects understatement of which can cause such major problems as excessive health costs for households due to the high rate of out-of-pocket expenses. objectives the current study aimed to analyze the healthcare costs and determine the share of isfahan province, iran, from the tot...

We analyze a sequential decision making process, in which at each stepthe decision is made in two stages. In the rst stage a partially optimalaction is chosen, which allows the decision maker to learn how to improveit under the new environment. We show how inertia (cost of changing)may lead the process to converge to a routine where no further changesare made. We illustrate our scheme with some...