a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications was conducted in 2012,treatments were included the time of foliar application with 3 levels (tillering stage, heading stage and no spray (control)) as main factor and cultivars in 4 levels (sardari, rijav, biseton and rashid) as the second factor. plant characteristics such as plant height, length o...

• Five viticultural parameters have been proposed in the literature as particularly important for defining a balanced vine able to produce high quality grapes: 1) total leaf area/yield, 2) yield/pruning weight, 3) pruning weight/linear meter of canopy length, 4) total leaf area/linear meter of canopy length, and 5) leaf density (leaf layer number). For very high-quality production, 2 more varia...

on-farm experiments were designed to investigate the response of maize establishment and grain yield to variation in tillage systems. the tillage treatments included arara ploughing followed by zig-zag harrowing and arara ridging (t1); emcot ploughing fol-lowed by zig-zag harrowing and emcot ridging (t2); mouldboard ploughing followed by disc harrowing and mouldboard ridging (t3); disc ploughin...

The growth kinetics of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L. cv Savoy) grown at 5 degrees C or 16 degrees C were determined to allow us to compare leaf tissues of the same developmental stage rather than chronological age. The second leaf pairs reached full expansion at a plant age of 32 and 92 days for the 16 degrees C and 5 degrees C plants, respectively. Growth at 5 degrees C resulted in an i...

1 Leaf life span (LL) and leaf mass per area (LMA) are fundamental traits in the carbon economy of plants, representing the investment required per unit leaf area (LMA) and the duration of the resulting benefit (LL). Species on dry and infertile soils converge towards higher LMA. It has been generally assumed that this allows species from low-resource habitats to achieve longer average leaf lif...

Recent studies have shown that stomata respond to changes in hydraulic conductance of the flow path from soil to leaf. In open-grown tall trees, branches of different heights may have different hydraulic conductances because of differences in path length and growth. We determined if leaf gas exchange, branch sap flux, leaf specific hydraulic conductance, foliar carbon isotope composition (delta...

Relative absorptance of intact branches measured with an integrating sphere was compared to leaf area estimated by conventional methods (volume displacement and scanning area meter) for three conifer species: Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Pinus banksiana (Lamb.) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A consistent relationship between relative absorptance and surface area emerged for the three s...

Long-term declines in rainfall in south-western Australia have resulted in increased interest in the hydraulic characteristics of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest established in the region's drinking water catchments on rehabilitated bauxite mining sites. We hypothesized that in jarrah forest established on rehabilitated mine sites: (1) leaf area index (L) is independent of in...

in this regard, the morphophysiologic and anatomic characteristics of six olive cultivars (nabali, feshomi, arbequin, zard, gordal and roghani) were investigated under drought. experiments were designed based on factorial and complete block random plot with two control treatments, -1.5 mpa stress and three replicates. the investigated factors were as follows: leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf...

The flammability of plant leaves influences the spread of fire through vegetation. Exotic plants invading native vegetation may increase the spread of bushfires if their leaves are more flammable than native leaves. We compared fresh-leaf and dry-leaf flammability (time to ignition) between 52 native and 27 exotic plant species inhabiting dry sclerophyll forest. We found that mean time to ignit...