A nonlinear least-squares (LS) method is formulated to estimate the speed and the closest-point-of-approach (CPA) time and range of a ground vehicle whose broadband acoustic energy emissions are received by a ground-based wideaperture planar acoustic sensor array of unknown shape. It is assumed that the vehicle travels at a constant speed in a straight line. The three estimated motion parameter...

For remote places having less-strong wind, single resources based renewable energy system (RES) with battery storage can sustainably and economically generate electrical energy. There is hardly any literature on optimal sizing of such RES for very low load demand situation. The objective of this study is to techno-economically optimize the system design of a Photovoltaic (PV)-battery storage RE...