The Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, introduced by Widrow and Hoff in 1959 [12] is an adaptive algorithm, which uses a gradient-based method of steepest decent [10]. LMS algorithm uses the estimates of the gradient vector from the available data. LMS incorporates an iterative procedure that makes successive corrections to the weight vector in the direction of the negative of the gradient vect...

In this paper, a variable step size based least mean squares (LMS) channel estimation (CE) algorithm is presented for a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system under the umbrella of the long term evolution (LTE). This unbiased CE method can automatically adapt the weighting coefficients on the channel condition. Therefore, it does not require knowledge of channel, and...

The block algorithm in [l] has illustrated significant improvement in performance over the NLMS algorithm. However, it is known that block processing algorithms have lower tracking capabilities than their sampleby-sample counterparts. The Fast Affine Projection (FAP) algorithm [2] also outperforms the NLMS with a slight increase in complexity, but involves the fast calculation of the inverse of...

Abstract Various forms of artifacts can readily contaminate an electroencephalogram recorded using surface electrodes. A comparison several (EEG) de-noising methods is shown here. Five distinct noise are reduced three different strategies, and the results compared. These procedures Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive algorithm, Mean (LMS) method, Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN). The ti...

This paper presents a unifying view of various error nonlinearities that are used in least mean square (LMS) adaptation such as the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm and its family and the least-mean mixed-norm algorithm. Speci cally, it is shown that the LMS algorithm and its errormodi ed variants are approximations of two recently developed optimum nonlinearities which are expressed in terms ...

Smart antenna is the most efficient leading innovation for maximum capacity and improved quality and coverage. Efficient utilization of limited radio frequency spectrum is only possible to use smart/adaptive antenna system. Smart antenna radiates not only narrow beam towards desired users exploiting signal processing capability but also places null towards interferers, thus optimizing the signa...

In this paper we investigate the performance of three well of the simulation study was to measure the linear system estimation known system identification methods based on an FIR (finite error as a function of N, the signal duration, M, the impulse impulse response) model of the system. The methods will be response duration, s/n the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and referred to in this p...