Newton-Raphson State Estimation method using bus admittance matrix remains as an efficient and most popular method to estimate the state variables. Elements of Jacobian matrix are computed from standard expressions which lack physical significance. In this paper, elements of the state estimation Jacobian matrix are obtained considering the power flow measurements in the network elements. These ...

This article presents a nonlinear least square estimation method based on the continuous TEC values at single stations from long-time recorded dual-frequency GPS data of International GNSS Service (IGS) to facilitate single-station empirical total electron content (TEC) modelling. The Nonlinear Polynomial GPS-TEC Model (NPGTM) each four different (namely Ellesmere Island (alrt), Canada; Lhasa (...

In seepage problems, the coefficients of permeability in Laplace equation are usually assumed to be constant vs. both space and time; but in reality these coefficients are variable. In this study, the effect of material deformation due to external loads (consolidation) and variation of head in the consolidation process are considered. For the first case, formulation of kx and ky can be defined ...

this paper surveys economic growth and energy consumption relationship by new econometric methods in different sectors of iran. this study uses panel error correction model and panel co integration and causality tests to investigate short run and long run relationship between energy and value added growth in different sectors of iran’s economy with regards to energy price in the time period of ...

in this paper, least square method (lsm) and differential transformation method (dtm) are used to solve the problem of laminar nanofluid flow in a semi-porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field. due to existence some shortcomings in each method, a novel and efficient method named ls-dtm is introduced which omitted those defects and has an excellent agreement with numerical sol...

For spectrally efficient transmission over time-varying channels, the use of Adaptive Coding and Modulation (AMC) in wireless OFDM systems requires the estimation of radio channel at the receiver. This paper focuses on the use of time domain channel statistics, mainly concentrating on two schemes: Linear Minimum Mean Square Estimation (LMMSE) and Least Square Estimation (LSE) and their variants...