Twenty-seven-year old male patient reporting tiredness during exercise for three years, after total cavopulmonary connection with extracardiac conduit fenestration and closure with stiches of the free end of right atrioventricular valve (AV) for severe failure in double inlet left ventricle, pulmonary atresia, and aorta arising from rudimentary right ventricle. The patient had undergone right a...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the intermediate-term results of the multi-institutional U.S. trial of the buttoned device for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs). BACKGROUND The trial was conducted in three centers (University of Arizona, University of Michigan and University of Wisconsin) under a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical trial wi...

AIMS To examine the hypothesis that right to left shunting occurs mainly in the lungs rather than through the fetal channels in neonates. METHODS Thirty two term babies requiring over 70% oxygen had daily colour Doppler echocardiograms until recovery. Measurements included left ventricular fractional shortening, right and left ventricular outputs, colour and pulsed Doppler ductal and atrial s...

by means of a kind of new idea, we consider  the $(in,ivq)$-fuzzy$h$-ideals of a hemiring.  first, the concepts of $(in,ivq)$-fuzzyleft(right) $h$-ideals of a hemiring are provided and some relatedproperties are investigated. then, a kind  of quotient hemiring  ofa hemiring by an $(in,ivq)$-fuzzy $h$-ideal is presented andstudied. moreover, the notions of generalized $varphi$-compatible$(in,ivq...

SEVERAL indicators have been recommended for the detection of intracardiae left-to-right shunts. The complexity of in-strumentation, the difficulties in handling radioactive materials, and the time involved in the sampling required have precluded the general acceptance of any one method as a routine screening procedure. Furthermore, oxygen saturations, as well as methods utilizing radiopaque co...

A contrast echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections for the detection and localization of intracardiac right-to-left shunting is described. Fifty children underwent cardiac catheterization and peripheral contrast echocardiographic studies. The site, degree, and direction of shunting were established at catheterization by oximetry, indicator dilution analysis and/or angiograp...

Gold-195m, a radionuclide with a short half life (30.5 s) was used to quantify left to right intracardiac shunts. The results of this method were compared with those obtained with technetium-99m, a method that was validated against oximetry. In five patients the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (greater than 3:1) obtained by both radionuclides indicated that the level of shunting was too high t...

Children with right-to-left shunts or valvular malformations from congenital heart disease are at risk for embolic stroke. Primary cerebrovascular disease is rare in children. We describe a child with Down syndrome and complex congenital heart disease presenting with multiple nonembolic infarctions over a 7-year period , during which subtle internal carotid artery stenosis progressed to an adva...