This paper presents a summary of the responses of a panel to issues on AI and legal reasoning. The panel consisted Among the issues addressed by the panel were: 1. What are the characteristics of the legal domain that make it interesting or amenable to AI approaches-what is special about it; 2. The open-textured nature of legal concepts and the implications this has for using Al-techniques, esp...

Classical probability theory (CPT) has represented the rational standard for decision making in human cognition. Even though CPT has provided many descriptively excellent decision models, there have also been some empirical results persistently problematic for CPT accounts. The tension between the normative prescription of CPT and human behavior is particularly acute in cases where we have high...

A survey of five public hospitals yielded nine cases in which staff pressed charges against patients who assaulted them. Examining the effects of prosecution on the patients, the legal system, and the staff, the authors found that two patients benefited, three showed little or no change, and four were lost to follow-up. The legal system was responsive to the request to prosecute, although somet...

Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with an increased risk of sleep-related motor vehicle accidents. Seven recent legal cases of fatal motor vehicle accidents on NSW roads are presented, where the driver who caused the accident was suffering from an unrecognised or under-treated sleep disorder. The legal outcomes in these cases were variable: some of the drivers have been acquitted and other...

This article outlines the background for performing medical documentation in the context of a rehabilitation centre by reviewing literature and current practices. The article moreover delineates 6 ways of using medico-legal documentation in torture prevention: National legal proceedings; international legal proceedings; asylum cases; research, lobbying and advocacy activities. This article form...

In the evidential reasoning of human beings, stories play a role in providing an analytic account of the facts. In a legal aspect, the approach of legal reasoning, based on the notion of narratives with evidence, needs to be investigated and supported. The study aims to understand how lawyers cognitively process e-discovery cases, in order to find out the use of narrative in the e-discovery of ...

Within the last several years there has been increasing concern over the rising costs of California's legal system. Many within and outside of the legal community have focused their attention on the issues of caseload volume, delay and congestion within California courts as a result of the rising number of civil and criminal cases. These mounting concerns have spawned a growing movement for cou...

Use of restraint chairs by law enforcement for violent individuals has generated controversy and a source of litigation because of reported injuries and deaths of restrained subjects. The purpose of this study is to review the available medical and legal literature and to allow the development of evidence-based, best practice recommendations to inform the further development of restraint chair ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to reveal the anesthesia malpractice claims that were referred to the National Medico-Legal Committee (MLC) in Riyadh KSA, in order to evaluate the magnitude and underlying factors of its medico-legal litigations. METHODS The official records-including incidence, location, and final resolution of each claim-of all anesthesia-related medico-legal malpractice ...

In this review evidence on the impact of introducing or lowering legal blood alcohol limits on traffic safety measures is examined. There is substantial variability in the types and rigour of methods used to evaluate these legislative measures, and thus not surprisingly there is variability in the results observed. In most but not all cases where an evaluation of an introduced or lowered legal ...