BACKGROUND The present paper describes the results of a rating study performed by a group of European Union (EU) drug experts using the multi-criteria decision analysis model for evaluating drug harms. METHODS Forty drug experts from throughout the EU scored 20 drugs on 16 harm criteria. The expert group also assessed criteria weights that would apply, on average, across the EU. Weighted aver...

This dissertation evaluates the role and effectiveness of law in the transboundary environmental governance of the Baltic Sea with regard to eutrophication. To this end, it reviews the applicable international agreements with their related instruments, as well as the EU legal frameworks, for the protection of the Baltic Sea environment on the basis of theories on resilience in social-ecological...

idea is the starting point for the creation of intellectual works and the development of science and technology and art. in many cases, the birth of idea requires a lot of study and suffering. so the question is whether the idea has capability of legal support? the present article with descriptive and analytic method and by using comparative studies in the legal systems of france and iran, with...

This contribution has the objective to reflect on existing and impending challenges to EU public law from an administrative perspective. This will be undertaken against the fast-paced developments of the past 50 years linking various levels of government and administration in the Member States and the EU to administrative networks which are active also on the international scene. In this contex...

Invasive alien species constitute an increasing risk to forestry, as indeed to natural systems in general. This study reviews the legislative framework governing invasive species in the EU and Sweden, drawing upon both a legal analysis and interviews with main national level agencies responsible for implementing this framework. The study concludes that EU and Sweden are limited in how well they...

Twenty-five European overseas countries and territories (OCTs) are associated with the European Union (EU) through four Member States of the European Union (EU): Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Citizens of OCTs are European citizens, unless they decide to renounce their respective European Member State citizenship. The OCTs are neither part of the EU nor considered as t...

IntroductionExpanding access to HIV antiretroviral treatment is expected to decrease HIV incidence and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mortality. However, this may also result in increased HIV drug resistance (DR). Better monitoring and surveillance of HIV DR is required to inform treatment regimens and maintain the long term effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs. As there is currentl...

some legal systems such as the french system have provided some special forms for the contracts concerning the exploitation of the literary and artistic rights and also they have specified the rules and obligations concerning these contracts. the publication contract is of particular importance among other contracts. in the iranian legal system, in spite of the recognition of literary and artis...