When (if ever) a judicial action can be an unconstitutional taking of private property has long been an open question in American constitutional law. Nested within this larger question are a host of detailed issues concerning both substance and procedure. Despite passing references in some cases, and a more direct discussion in one concurring opinion, the Supreme Court of the United States—unti...

Computer simulation users can freely control operational factors and simulation results, repeat processes, make changes, and learn from simulation environment feedback. The focus of this paper is on simulation-based design tools and their effects on student learning processes in a group of 101 Taiwanese senior high school students. Participants identified as having executive, legislative, judic...

This Article analyzes the component parts of “judicial deference” as set out in McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, and assesses their interrelationship and persuasiveness. Part I locates McConnell within the history of struggles over the proper role of courts and legislatures in the constitutional design and oversight of campaign finance controls. It attempts to show how the Court could ...