[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the extent of lower extremity muscle activity before and after walking based on rain boot shaft length. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects, 12 young and healthy females, were divided into three groups based on rain boot shaft length (long, middle, and short). They walked on a treadmill for 30 minutes. Activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, sem...

abstract: knee joint has major role in lower extremity activities. emong different elements of knee joint complex, anterior cruciate ligament has becom more interested because of its alignment, structural complication, varied never receptors and frequently susceptibility to injury. afterinjury of this ligament knee extensor torque decreases. the aim of this research was that reduce of quadricep...

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background: diabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn) accounts for 80% of diabetic foot ulceration; therefore neurologic examination plays a critical role in screening at risk patients. our objective was assessment the prevalence of dpn and related factors based on clinical findings. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 diabetics who were randomly recruited from diabetes clinic o...

In part one of this article, the underlying causes of chronic leg ulcers, professional issues and the anatomy and physiology of the lower limb are examined.

Only one partial skeleton that includes both forelimb and hindlimb elements has been reported for Australopithecus afarensis. The diminutive size of this specimen (A.L. 288-1 ["Lucy"]) has hampered our understanding of the paleobiology of this species absent the potential impact of allometry. Here we describe a large-bodied (i.e., well within the range of living Homo) specimen that, at 3.58 Ma,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity movements in overarm throwing in team handball. In total, 11 joint movements during the throw were analyzed. The analysis consists of maximal angles, angles at ball release, and maximal angular velocities of the joint movements and their timing during the throw. Only the elbow angle (extensi...