one effective method for improving the performance of supply chain is making coordination among members of supply chain. this paper studies the subject of coordination of supply chain by using an insurance contract. the supply chain consists of one-manufacturer and one-retailer that the retailer is faced with potential demand and returning of goods from customer. acceptance of goods returned is...

Supply Chain management, the management of the flow of goods or services from materials stage to the end user, is a complex process because of the level of uncertainty at each stage of the supply chain. Computer simulation, because it can be applied to operational problems that are too difficult to model and solve analytically, is an especially effective tool to help analyze supply chain logist...

agility is the fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival in turbulent markets, where environmental forces create additional uncertainty resulting in higher risk in the supply chain management. in addition, agility helps providing the right product, at the right time to the consumer. the main goal of this research is therefore to promote supplier selection in pharmaceutica...

Supply chain coordination has become a critical success factor for supply chain management (SCM). In the past few years, the researchers have widely emphasized that cooperation among supply chain (SC) firms is a key source of competitive advantage. This paper is focused on supply chain coordination from the perspective of inventory management. Li and Liu [1] developed a model for illustrating h...

Reverse supply chain is a process dealing with the backward flows of used/damaged products or materials. Reverse supply chain includes activities such as collection, inspection, reprocess, disposal and redistribution. A well-organized reverse supply chain can provide important advantages such as economic and environmental ones. In this study, we propose a general framework and formulate a m...

In this paper, developed a new multi-product, multi-period, and multi-level closed-loop green supply chain planning model under uncertain conditions. The formulated model consists of five objective functions, which minimize the cost of the supply chain, minimize the CO2 emission of transportation vehicles, maximize the reliability of manufacturing and distribution centers, maximize t...

we model a real-world case problem as a price competition model between two leader-follower supply chains that each of them consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. t he manufacturer produces partially differentiated products and sells to market through his retailer. the retailer sells the products of manufacturer to market by adding some values to the product and gains margin as a fracti...

Today’s supply chains characterize as high uncertainty, high customer expectations, and high vulnerability. Supply chain risk management (SCRM) has been an important area of supply chain management. Internal risks resulted from the interaction among supply chain members act as the major impact on supply chain coordination, but they are difficult to be modeled and analyzed if using traditional m...

The high complexity of the supply chain network and the characteristics of products made supply chain management of agricultural products were more susceptible to the risks emergence of loss. Therefore, it is required to develop a mechanism for price negotiation which distributes the risks fairly for each stakeholder in the supply chain. In addition it is necessary to identify and evaluate supp...