In this research, the lifetime of green organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is studied using four passivation layers. To encapsulate the OLEDs, MgF2, YF3, composed of alternating MgF2/ZnS and YF3/ZnS layers were grown by thermal vacuum deposition. Measurements show that the device lifetime is significantly improved by using YF3 and ZnS as passivation layers. However, diodes encapsulated by Mg...

In the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. This lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. In this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. Applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

OBJECTIVES Abuse against women causes a great deal of suffering for the victims and is a major public health problem. Measuring lifetime abuse is a complicated task; the various methods that are used to measure abuse can cause wide variations in the reported occurrences of abuse. Furthermore, the estimated prevalence of abuse also depends on how abuse is culturally defined. Researchers currentl...

In the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. This lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. In this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. Applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

In this paper, a new five-parameter lifetime and reliability distribution named “the exponentiated Uniform-Pareto distribution (EU-PD),” has been suggested that it has a bathtub-shaped and inverse bathtub-shape for modeling lifetime data. This distribution has applications in economics, actuarial modelling, reliability modeling, lifetime and biological sciences. Firstly, the mathematical and st...

Future Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) will be composed of a large number of densely deployed sensors. Distributed techniques with fault-tolerance and energy awareness are expected in WSNs. Computing Connected Dominating Sets (CDSs) have been widely used for virtual backbone construction in WSNs to control topology, facilitate routing and extend network lifetime. This paper proposes a new distr...

To evaluate the prevalence of mental disorders for persons of non-English-language origin, it is essential to use translated diagnostic interviews. The equivalence of translated surveys is rarely tested formally. In the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), the authors tested whether a carefully translated mental health survey administered in Spanish produced results equivalent to t...

PURPOSE Traumatic events and adverse stressful experiences are major etiological factors in a wide variety of physical and mental disorders. Developing psychological instruments that can be easily administered and that have good psychometric properties have become an integral part for research and practice. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Lifeti...