Five steers (385 kg) fitted with permanent abomasal cannulae were used to compare Ca source (limestone or dicalcium phosphate) and corn level on site and extent of digestion. Diets contained 50, 70 or 90% corn, with corn silage and supplement to provide .70% Ca from either limestone or dicalcium phosphate. Limestone did not affect ruminal digestion, but postruminal starch and neutral detergent ...

The building and construction sector is vital in Jordan. Over the past decade it witnessed rapid growth. Single-family housing is a popular option in Jordan. The construction sector consumes large amounts of energy and resources. Green and energy efficient buildings are growing in popularity and there are policies adopted to encourage energy efficient buildings. These buildings are often justif...

With the ongoing sustainability movement, the incorporation of limestone powder in cementitious binders for concrete in the U.S. has become a subject of renewed interest. In addition to accelerating the early age hydration reactions of cementitious systems by providing additional surfaces for nucleation and growth of products, limestone powder is also intriguing based on its influence on low-te...

Calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium carbonate in the form of limestone, dolomite, marl, chalk, and Oyster shell are one of the most widely utilized non-metallic materials in the industrial world. The largest use of limestone or calcium carbonate is in the cement industry where it is used as a source of CaO and also in the concrete industry where it is used as the primary coarse aggregate. F...

To improve the working conditions in underground mines and eliminate risk of human casualties, patrol robots that can operate autonomously are necessary. This study developed an autonomous robot for conducted field experiments at mine sites. The driving estimated its own location operated via encoders, IMUs, LiDAR sensors; it measured hazards using gas sensors, dust particle thermal imaging cam...

Ordovician limestone-marl alternations in the Oslo-Asker District have been interpreted as signaling glacio-eustatic lowstands, which would support a prolonged "Early Palaeozoic Icehouse". However, these rhythmites could alternatively reflect differential diagenesis, without sedimentary trigger. Here, we test both hypotheses through one Darriwilian and three Katian sections. Our methodology con...

Shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy can be applied directly to analyze the mineral chemistry of raw or geologic materials. It provides diagnostic spectral characteristics of the chemical composition of minerals, information that is invaluable for the identification and quality control of such materials. The present study aims to investigate the potential of SWIR spectroscopy as an alternativ...

Elevated arsenic concentrations are common in water recovered from aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems in west-central Florida that store surface water. Investigations of the Suwannee Limestone of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the storage zone for ASR systems, have shown that arsenic is highest in pyrite in zones of high moldic porosity. Geochemical modeling was employed to examine pyrite ...

Developing functional concrete mixtures with less ordinary portland cement (OPC) has been one of the key objectives of the 21st century sustainability movement. While the supplies of many alternatives to OPC (such as fly ash or slag) may be limited, those of limestone and silica powders produced by crushing rocks seem virtually endless. The present study examines the chemical and physical influ...

Replacement dolomite in the Latemar carbonate buildup developed when limestone was infiltrated by reactive fluid. Minor-element, trace-element, and oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of dolomite and precursor limestone constrain the origin of the fluid and fundamental aspects of the flow. Inferred salinity (similar to seawater); temperature (45°–85°C); Sr/Sr (0.7076–0.7079); Ca/Mg (<1.4); a...