this study explored the nature of transfer among bilingual vs. trilinguals with varying levels of competence in english and their previous languages. the hypotheses were tested in writing tasks designed for 75 high (n= 35) vs. intermediate (n=40) proficient efl learners with turkish, persian, english and persian, english linguistic backgrounds. qualitative data were also collected through some ...

Recent studies have suggested that proficient bilinguals show morphological decomposition in the L2, but the question remains as to whether this process is modulated by the cognateness of the morphemic constituents of L2 words and by L2 proficiency. To answer this question was the main goal of the present research. For that purpose, a masked priming lexical decision task was conducted manipulat...

Yu-Fen Yang, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Pei-Yin Hsieh, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Many college students who study English as a Foreign Language (EFL) are less-proficient readers as they have few opportunities to negotiate their perspectives for creating meaning through peer questioning in onsite instruction. This study reports on using online ...

This study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in performing refusal of requests between Persian native speakers (PNSs) and English native speakers (ENSs) in terms of the frequency of the semantic formulas. Also examined in this study was whether Persian EFL learners would transfer their L1 refusal patterns into the L2, and if there would be a relation between their proficiency level an...

the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

Background: The P600 brain wave reflects syntactic processes in response to different first language (L1) violations, repair, structural reanalysis, and specific semantic components. Unlike processing, aspects of the second (L2) processing differ from L1, particularly at lower levels proficiency. At higher L2 proficiency, violations are more likely result P600, similar L1 native speakers. Objec...

This study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention designed to support sixth-grade Spanish-speaking English as Additional Language (EAL) learners and their proficient classmates in acquiring pre-algebra knowledge skills associated academic vocabulary. The sample consisted 88 EAL 139 who had failed a fifth-grade final math exam. Treatment materials methods differed from those used cont...

In language education research, micro-level policy and planning (LPP) primarily concerns local actors’ decision making on matters in relation to language(s) its users. Despite a growing body of literature focusing educational settings, there is scarcity research examining early childhood settings as the LPP context for young English learners. By adopting qualitative case study approach drawing ...