To study adaptive evolution in defined environments, we performed evolution experiments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) in nitrogen-limited chemostat cultures. We used DNA microarrays to identify copy-number variation associated with adaptation and observed frequent amplifications and deletions at the GAP1 locus. GAP1 encodes the general amino acid permease, which transports amino acids a...

A plasmid pLTR-DT which contained a gene for diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) under the control of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) (BLV-LTR) in the multicloning site of pUC-18 was entrapped in cationic liposomes composed of N-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)-didodecyl-D-glutamate chloride (TMAG), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and dilauroyl phosphatidylcholi...

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that thrombopoietin (TPO) contributes to the development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), supporting their survival and proliferation in vitro. To determine whether TPO supports the impressive expansion of HSC observed following transplantation, we transplanted normal marrow cells into lethally irradiated Tpo(-/-) and Tpo(+/+) mice and quantified HSC self-r...

Purpose: To present a case study describing inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique used after failed treatment of double large fullthickness macular hole. Case presentation: A 79-year-old woman presented large full-thickness macular hole after primary failed pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and SF6 gas endotamponade. The corrected distance visual a...

Flowering plants control energy allocation to their photosystems in response to light quality changes. This includes the phosphorylation and migration of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins (state transitions or short-term response) as well as long-term alterations in thylakoid composition (long-term response or LTR). Both responses require the thylakoid protein kinase STN7. Here, we s...

The need to prepare pediatric transplant recipients for the transfer to adult-centered transplant care has received increased attention. This study aimed to determine adolescent and young adult LTR and parent perceptions and attitudes about the transition process. LTR and their parents completed a survey assessing level of prior thought and interest in learning about transferring care, knowledg...

In the first step of retroviral integration, integrase cleaves the linear viral DNA within its long terminal repeat (LTR) immediately 3' to the CA dinucleotide step, resulting in a reactive 3' OH on one strand and a 5' two base overhang on the complementary strand. In order to investigate the structural properties of the 3' end processing site within the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) LTR...