Uncertainty is an important linguistic phenomenon that is relevant in many areas of language processing. While earlier research mostly concentrated on the semantic aspects of uncertainty, here we focus on discourseand pragmaticsrelated aspects of uncertainty. We present a classification of such linguistic phenomena and introduce a corpus of Wikipedia articles in which the presented types of dis...

semiotic examination and stylistics in both phonetic level and syntactic level of sura nouh            danesh mohammadi rakati *   alireza mohammad rezaei **      abstract      stylistic is one of the important methods in linguistics, that many of the linguistic researches about quran are based on it. this article seeks to use statistical methods to explore the implications of language in sura ...

The Arabic Treebank (ATB), released by the Linguistic Data Consortium, contains multiple annotation files for each source file, due in part to the role of diacritic inclusion in the annotation process. The data is made available in both ”vocalized” and ”unvocalized” forms, with and without the diacritic marks, respectively. Much parsing work with the ATB has used the unvocalized form, on the ba...

The paper examines the impact of the income distribution in a less-developed country (LDC) on its patterns of trade, through its influence on home market demand patterns. In a learning-by-doing model with nonhomothetic preferences, the authors show that import substitution under low inequality generates more focused learning and enhances trade potential more effectively. In addition, relative w...

Coverage has been a constant thorn in the side of deployed deep linguistic processing applications, largely because of the difficulty in constructing, maintaining and domaintuning the complex lexicons that they rely on. This paper reviews various strands of research on deep lexical acquisition (DLA), i.e. the (semi-)automatic creation of linguistically-rich language resources, particularly from...

In this paper, the multi-person decision making problems with various different types of incomplete linguistic preference relations are studied. Some new concepts, including incomplete uncertain linguistic preference relation, incomplete triangular fuzzy linguistic preference relation, incomplete trapezoid fuzzy linguistic preference relation, expected incomplete linguistic preference relation ...

This study examined four universal operating principles for first language acquisition proposed by Slobin (1973) and MacWhinney (1978). The applicability of these principles to second-language acquisition was tested by teaching children and adults a miniature linguistic system. The results suggested that the four principles played a major role in the learning of the system by 5-to 7-year-olds b...

Theories of language production propose that utterances are constructed by a mechanism that separates linguistic content from linguistic structure. linguistic content is retrieved from the mental lexicon, and is then inserted into slots in linguistic structures or frames. Support for this kind of model at the phonological level comes from patterns of phonological speech errors. W present an alt...

Cognitive sciences such as developmental psychology, cognitive ethology and cognitive archaeology continuously produce evidence of high-level thinking in nonlinguistic creatures. José Luis Bermúdez applies this evidence in formulating a philosophical theory of non-linguistic thought, the main elements of which I summarise here. While I agree with most of the positive aspects of his theory of no...

syntax The concepts from which models are created (see Requirement 1) Class diagram at level M2 Concrete syntax Concrete rendering of these concepts (see Requirement 2) UML notation, informally specified Well-formedness Rules for applying the concepts (see Requirement 1) Constraints on the abstract Syntax (using the Object Constraint Language, for example) Semantics Description of a model’s mea...