The structure of the adult human pancreas retains develop-mental traits in ontogenesis and comparative anatomy, under-standing of which greatly contributes to pancreatic surgical anatomy. The pyramidal process called the "auricle" or "ear"at the inferior margin of the neck suggests the vestige of the ontogenetic twist at the neck, resulting from bursal bulging with rotation of the pancreatic bo...

A comprehensive knowledge of the normal pattern of endobronchial branching is essential to any pulmonologist. The classification systems available are predominantly static descriptions and only seldom do they refer to possible variations within the normal spectrum. To evaluate all possible anatomical variants of the tracheobronchial tree we conducted a prospective study in our endoscopy unit be...

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analysed from 21 patients with breast cancer, stage T1N0M0, who had undergone tumour resection and post-operative local irradiation (accumulated dose 56 Gy). The lavage was performed two months after radiotherapy, in the anterior part of the lingula (left side) or of the right middle lobe (right side), depending on which side had been exposed to radiation....

Unusually for invertebrates, linguliform brachiopods employ calcium phosphate mineral in hard tissue formation, in common with the evolutionarily distant vertebrates. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) and X-ray powder diffraction, we compare the organic constitution, crystallinity and organic matrix-mineral interface of phosphatic brachiopod shells with those of ...

BACKGROUND Nuclear imaging studies have examined cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using symptom evocation paradigms. To date, no such studies have investigated rCBF as related to subjects' reports of flashback intensity. METHODS Subjects with varying traumatic histories and longstanding PTSD were studied using [15O]-H2O positron emission tomogra...

Pleural metastasis of synovial sarcoma that originally developed in the soft tissue is a very rare entity. We report here the detailed clinical features of such a case. An asymptomatic 25-year-old female, with a history of a resected synovial sarcoma in her left brachial muscle and pulmonary metastasectomy of the right lung, presented a small nodule in the periphery of the left lung on a routin...

Correlation of thin (5-mm) sagittal high-field (1.5-T) MR images of three brain specimens and 11 normal volunteers with microtome sections of the human cerebellar vermis and hemispheres demonstrates that proton-density-weighted (long TR/short TE) and T2-weighted (long TR/long TE) spin-echo pulse sequences provide the greatest contrast between gray and white matter. These images also can display...

A new pathological entity is here described-a polyalveolar lobe with or without emphysemagiving rise to the clinical features of childhood lobar emphysema. A detailed and quantitative study of the airways, alveoli and arteries was carried out on the left upper lobe removed because of shortness of breath, thought to be due to 'childhood lobar emphysema'. The child was 17 days old and the radiogr...

BACKGROUND Thoracoabdominal actinomycosis is rare, especially in the context of readily available medical facilities. METHODS Case report and review of the literature. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old male patient was admitted because of hemoptysis and a pulmonary infiltrate in the left lower lobe. His history was unremarkable except for chronic gastritis and an elective laparoscopic cholecystecto...

Purkinje cells in the cerebellum express the antigen zebrin II (aldolase C) in many vertebrates. In mammals, zebrin is expressed in a parasagittal fashion, with alternating immunopositive and immunonegative stripes. Whether a similar pattern is expressed in birds is unknown. Here we present the first investigation into zebrin II expression in a bird: the adult pigeon (Columba livia). Western bl...