The absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of a drug involve its transport across cell membranes. This process is essential and influenced by the characteristics of the drug, especially its molecular size and shape, solubility at the site of its absorption, relative lipid solubility, etc. One of the progressive ways for increasing bioavaibility is a nanoparticle preparation t...

The use of active lipophilic substances such as antimicrobials and health-related compounds in the food industry is still a challenge due to their poor water solubility and instability in food formulations. Nano-sized structures such as nanoemulsions of oil-in-water are regarded as useful tools with a great potential in the food sector to incorporate food ingredients. Reducing the size of the a...

Protein powders from Eisenia foetida were prepared using different drying processes and fractionation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to show that heat denaturation occurred during the drying process above 42 ̊C. Protein solubility was also studied. The addition of dissociating reagents allowed concluding that solubility was decreased during oven drying due to thermo denaturation inc...

The prospect of improved cancer therapy using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) as drug delivery system is promising. Several obstacles frequently encountered with anticancer compounds, such as poor drug solubility, are overcome by delivering them using SLN. Moreover, the intravenous administration of drugs into SLNs can potentially enhance drug blood circulation time and improve drug performanc...

We evaluated the effect of starvation on anaesthetic solubility in tissues involved in lipid transport (blood) or metabolism (liver) and in a tissue not involved in either (brain). The liver/gas partition coefficients of isoflurane, enflurane, halothane and methoxyflurane in rats increased by 15-20% after 6 h of starvation and reached a maximum increase of 35-42% after 24 h of starvation. After...

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of lovastatin was aimed at overcoming the problems of poor solubility and bioavailability. The formulation strategy included selection of oil phase based on saturated solubility studies and surfactant and co-surfactant screening on the basis of their emulsification ability. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the self-emulsifyi...

Water solutions of representative ([C4mim][Cl] and [C4mim][Tf2N]) room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) in contact with a neutral lipid bilayer made of cholesterol molecules has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations based on an empirical force field model. The results show that both ILs display selective adsorption at the water-cholesterol interface, with partial inclusion of ions ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to study the electrical properties and quality of frozen-thawed chicken breast meat and to investigate the relationship between these parameters at different times of frozen storage. METHODS Thawed samples of chicken breast muscles were evaluated after being kept in frozen storage at -18°C for different periods of time (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 m...

1. The study of the effect of bile salts on enhancing calcium absorption in the rachitic chick has been extended to bile salts not present in chick bile, e.g. glycine conjugates and bile alcohol sulphates. 2. Bile and bile salts cause an increase in calcium absorption from sparingly soluble calcium hydrogen phosphate when compared with a suspension of calcium hydrogen phosphate in saline. 3. If...

Although the optimal route of administration of opioids is by mouth, some patients may require alternative routes during the course of their illnesses for several reasons. These include bowel obstruction, severe emesis, or severe dysphagia. In these cases, the alternatives include the subcutaneous or rectal route. The transdermal route also provides a simple, comfortable method that produces st...