We explore an approach to derive a computable chemical potential analog for thermostatted steady-state systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Although our method is not rigorous, it is based on theoretical and numerical evidence and exploits analogies with Widom's method widely used in computer simulations of equilibrium fluids. We obtain two formulas, one for steady states and one for the t...

We study the formation of coherent structures in a system with long-range interactions where particles moving on a circle interact through a repulsive cosine potential. Nonequilibrium structures are shown to correspond to statistical equilibria of an effective dynamics, which is derived using averaging techniques. This simple behavior might be a prototype of others observed in more complicated ...

When binary liquid mixtures are cooled rapidly from a homogeneous phase into a two-phase system, domains of the two equilibrium phases form and grow (coarsen) with time. In the absence of an external forcing due to gravity or an imposed shear flow, a dynamic scaling regime emerges in which the domain morphology is statistically self-similar at different times with a length-scale that grows with...

We derive a set of isometric fluctuation relations, which constrain the order parameter fluctuations in finite-size systems at equilibrium and in the presence of a broken symmetry. These relations are exact and should apply generally to many condensed-matter physics systems. Here, we establish these relations for magnetic systems and nematic liquid crystals in a symmetry-breaking external field...

In conventional fluids, viscosity depends on temperature according to a strict relationship. To change this relationship, one must change the molecular nature of the fluid. Here, we create a metafluid whose properties are derived not from the properties of molecules but rather from chaotic waves excited on the surface of vertically agitated water. By making direct rheological measurements of th...

The motion of the three-phase line created by a liquid droplet on a flat solid substrate has been extensively studied for more than a century, yet the constitutive relation governing this motion remains unclear. When a liquid droplet is placed in contact with a flat substrate, the system is driven towards equilibrium. The contact angle relaxes from its initial value at the moment of contact, to...

Preface Group contribution methods have been used to calculate the properties of pure components, such as viscosity, surface tension, critical property etc.。Recently,group contribution methods are also used to predict vapor liquid equilibrium of the systems in which the composition of the components can be known exactly. In this paper, the group contribution method is used to predict the vapor ...

We define a correlation function that quantifies the spatial correlation of single-particle displacements in liquids and amorphous materials. We show that for an equilibrium liquid this function is related to fluctuations in a bulk dynamical variable. We evaluate this function using computer simulations of an equilibrium glass-forming liquid, and show that long range spatial correlations of dis...

Dynamic clustering associated with self-assembly in many complex fluids can qualitatively alter the shape of phase boundaries and produce large changes in the scale of critical fluctuations that are difficult to comprehend within the existing framework of theories of critical phenomena for nonassociating fluids. In order to elucidate the scattering and critical properties of associating fluids,...

Molecular dynamics results for the dynamic Prigogine-Defay ratio are presented for two glass-forming liquids, thus evaluating the experimentally relevant quantity for testing whether metastable-equilibrium liquid dynamics is described by a single parameter to a good approximation. For the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones mixture as well as for an asymmetric dumbbell model liquid, a single-para...