Autophagy is a major pathway for degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles, and has been implicated in tumor suppression. Here, we report that mice with systemic mosaic deletion of Atg5 and liver-specific Atg7⁻/⁻ mice develop benign liver adenomas. These tumor cells originate autophagy-deficient hepatocytes and show mitochondrial swelling, p62 accumulation, and oxidative stress and gen...

objective(s): this study investigated the protective effect of tanshinone iia sodium sulfonate (tss) on ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) induced cardiac injury, and the underlying mechanism of action. materials and methods:male sprague-dawley rats were subjected to a 30-min coronary arterial occlusion followed by 24 hours' reperfusion. half an hour before the left coronary artery ligation, rats ...

background:methotrexate (mtx) is one of the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) which can be associated with toxic effects on different organs. this study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxic effects in ra patients treated with mtx. methods: in this cross-sectional observational study, ra patients who received standard do...

SERPINA1/AAT/α-1-antitrypsin (serpin family A member 1) deficiency (SERPINA1/ AAT-D) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the retention of misfolded SERPINA1/AAT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and a significant reduction of serum SERPINA1/AAT level. The Z variant of SERPINA1/AAT, containing a Glu342Lys (E342K) mutation (SERPINA1E342K/ATZ), the most common form o...

High level apoptosis induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) evokes serious damage because of the loss and dysfunction of motor neurons. Our previous studies showed that inhibition of autophagy evokes the activation of apoptosis. Interestingly, Baicalein, a medicine with anti-apoptosis activity that is derived from the roots of herb Scutellaria baicalensis, largely induces autophagy by activating p...

Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease that caused by the sudden rupture of blood vessels inside brain and intervention reperfusion to brain, resulting in severe cerebral injury. Autophagy has been reported be involved occurrence progression CIS. Betulinic acid (BA) a pentacyclic triterpene mainly extracted from birch bark. Studies have shown neuroprotective effects ...

: In contrast to cardiomyocytes, autophagy in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been fully investigated. Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, was shown to be vascular protective. We aimed to elucidate the role of autophagy and its regulatory mechanisms by TXL in CMECs subjected to I/R injury. CMECs were exposed to diffe...

Concanavalin A (ConA), a T-cell mitogen that induces acute autoimmune hepatitis, is widely used to model pathophysiological processes of human acute autoimmune liver disease. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in the past decade, little is known about its molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of ConA-induced acute hepatitis. In this study, we used a Cre-conditional atg7 KO ...