Japanese is crucially different from other ‘accent languages’ in having a number of ‘unaccented words’, or words that are pronounced with a rather flat F0 contour. This paper illuminates some phonological factors responsible for the emergence of this peculiar type of word accent in Tokyo Japanese. It demonstrates, specifically, that unaccentedness emerges in words of some specific syllable stru...

The Gospel of Mark contains numerous loanwords and code switches from Aramaic to Greek. These borrowed terms were not unconscious developed important social, literary andnarrative functions in key passages the Gospel. This article considers how Old Syriac versions Peshitta have treated these given that translators native speakers by been altered due translation process.

the present research aims to study the effects of syllabic structure in standard tajiki persian on the pronunciation of standard iranian persian words and the joint loanwords in these languages. this descriptive study used optimality theory, as a recent branch of generative grammar, to analyse the errors. to that end, ten tajiki-speaking persian learners, studying at imam khomeini international...

in rural tanzania, recent major influences happen between kiswahili and english to ethnic languages rather than ethnic languages, which had been in contact for so long, influencing each other. in this work, i report the results of investigation of lexical changes in indigenous languages that aimed at examining how ethnic communities and their languages, namely cushitic iraqw, nilotic datooga, n...

1. The language and its speakers 1.1. Sociohistorical background Saramaccan is an Atlantic creole spoken primarily in Suriname, though there are also speakers in French Guiana as well as a substantial diaspora population in the Netherlands. The fifteenth edition of the Ethnologue estimates that there are about 26,000 speakers of the languages. It is a maroon creole—that is, a creole spoken by d...