AIM To investigate the effects of local and systemic administration of etanercept on the formation of epidural fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (Control, SpongostanTM, Local etanercept and Systemic etanercept) and laminectomy was performed between T11 and L1 in all rats. SpongostanTM was soaked with saline (0.1 mg/kg), local etanerc...

Local cooling (LC) of nonglabrous skin causes vasoconstriction via the adrenergic and removal of nitric oxide (NO) systems. Since cooling increases reactive oxygen species in smooth muscle cells and induces increased sensitivity of alpha-adrenergic receptors, antioxidant supplementation may attenuate the vasoconstrictor response to skin LC via adrenergic and/or NO systems. To test this hypothes...

1. Orphanin FQ (OFQ), an endogenous peptide for ORL1 receptors, has been identified. Although the actions of OFQ have much in common with those of opioid peptides at the cellular level, behavioral studies in rodents seem conflicting. 2. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential pronociceptive or antinociceptive function of peripheral ORL1 receptors in primates. Experiments were con...

ABSTRACT Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause for antibiotic (AB) use in all age groups specially the first two years of life. The local information about the pattern of AB prescription in ARI is a necessary part for any program which aims logical use of AB. The current study was designed to find the frequency and types of AB administration for ARI in young children (

background: there are many therapeutic methods for allergic conditions. cpg oli-gonucleotides play a critical role in immunity via the augmentation of th1 and suppres-sion of th2 responses. objective: in the present study we aimed to estimate the effec-tiveness of intranasal administration of cpg odn plus chenopodium album allergen in allergic asthma compared with the administration of allergen...

This study was carried out to investigate non-compliance with medicaments prescriptions among tuberculosis patients on self-administration of multi-drug regimen in a local government of Oyo State, Nigeria. The isonicotinic acid method used is based on detecting the isoniazid metabolites-isonicotinic acid and isonicotinylglycine. The sensitivity of the method is high that reliably positive resul...

The focus of this research was the development of an animal model for local administration of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) in a chemically-induced epileptic seizure model using microdialysis sampling with simultaneous electrocorticography recording (ECoG). Local administration of 3-MPA through the microdialysis probe was employed to elicit seizures in a localized brain region. Delivery of 3...