Evaporation rates are predicted and important transport mechanisms identified for evaporation of water droplets on hydrophobic (contact angle ~110°) and superhydrophobic (contact angle ~160°) substrates. Analytical models for droplet evaporation in the literature are usually simplified to include only vapor diffusion in the gas domain, and the system is assumed to be isothermal. In the comprehe...

Cutaneous vasoconstriction (VC) is the initial thermoregulatory response to cold exposure and can be elicited through either whole body or localized skin cooling. However, the mechanisms governing local cold-induced VC are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that Rho kinase participates in local cold-induced cutaneous VC. In seven men and women (20-27 yr of age), up to four ventral fo...

the present paper describes the designing of a thermally and economically optimum mechanical draft counter-flow wet cooling tower. the design model allows the use of a variety of packing materials in the cooling tower toward optimizing heat transfer. once the optimum packing type is chosen, a compact cooling tower with low fan power consumption is modelled within the known design variables. mor...

We consider the nonlinear outcome of gravitational instability in opticallythick disks with a realistic cooling function. We use a numerical model that is local, razor-thin, and unmagnetized. External illumination is ignored. Cooling is calculated from a one-zone model using analytic fits to low temperature Rosseland mean opacities. The model has two parameters: the initial surface density Σo a...

Local cooling protects against TNF-alpha-induced injury by attenuating inflammation-associated microcirculatory dysfunction and leukocytic response. Mechanisms of protection, however, are not fully understood. We studied whether the metabolites of the HO and NOS pathway, exerting potent vasodilatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, are involved in tissue cryoprotection. In animals p...

Context. The thermal structure of Titan’s thermosphere is determined by the balance between several heating and cooling processes. These processes must be accurately modeled to correctly interpret the available measurements and enhance our understanding of the formation and evolution of this atmosphere. One of the most important thermospheric cooling process for Titan is emission in the HCN rot...

[1] Thermospheric density simultaneously observed by the CHAMP and GRACE satellites in both the pre‐dawn and afternoon local time sectors undergoes significant decrease across both hemispheres during the major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009. This decrease is largest in the equatorial region near the subsolar latitude, reaching ∼30% at 325 km, and 45% at 475 km altitude in th...