Large solitary meanders form on the Agulhas Current at irregular intervals as it travels along the east coast of South Africa. These so-called Natal pulses are thought to have a significant effect on the shedding of Agulhas rings downstream at the Agulhas Retrofiection and thereby on the exchange of water properties between the Indian and the Atlantic Ocean. Data from the Geosat, ERS 1, and TOP...

continental slope. Historically, four mechanisms have been suggested (or assumed): (1) eddies shed from the ACC, (2) flow into the cross-shelf-cutting canyons with overflow onto the nominal shelf, (3) general upwelling, and (4) episodic sweeping of ACC meanders over the shelf. The mooring array showed that for the years of deployment, the dominant mechanism is eddies; upwelling may also contrib...

In agricultural watersheds, human interventions such as channel straightening have disrupted the hydrologic connectivity between headwater streams and their riparian environment thus undermined ecological services provided by these small streams. Knowledge of immediate (shallow groundwater in historical floodplain on adjacent hillslopes) human-impacted settings is critical for understanding res...

New global periodic orbit collision and separatrix reconnection scenarios exhibited by the standard nontwist map are described in detail, including exact methods for determining reconnection thresholds, methods that are implemented numerically. Results are compared to a parameter space breakup diagram for shearless invariant curves. The existence of meanders, invariant tori that are not graphs,...

castor bean (ricinus communis l.( with a capability to withstand harsh conditions, low nutritional needs, 50 percent of oil content and high- quality, is one of the best crop used to produce biodiesel. the first step toward introduction and widespread cultivation of this crop is to investigate the energy balance for its cultivation. to do so, energy input (include renewable and nonrenewable) an...

Bacteria-infecting viruses provide a controllable platform to study the expansion of virus in cell population.

Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are a major class of proteins by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. Prominent examples include Yersinia YadA, Haemophilus Hia and Hsf, Moraxella UspA1 and A2, and Neisseria NadA. TAAs also occur in symbiotic and environmental species and presumably represent a general solution to the problem of adhesion in proteobacteria. The general ...