We study the optical absorption, especially the (far-) infrared absorption by phonons, of semiconducting and metallic nanospheres. In the nanoscopic sphere, phonons as well as states of electronic excitations are quantized by confinement. It is also known that in the nanoscopic geometry, the confined electron-phonon interaction has a different form from the usual one in the bulk. First, we anal...

We demonstrate that electron-phonon interaction in quantum dots embedded in one-dimensional systems leads to pronounced, non-Markovian decoherence of optical transitions. The experiments that we present focus on the line shape of photoluminescence from low-temperature axially localized carbon nanotube excitons. The independent boson model that we use to model the phonon interactions reproduces ...

Using quantum tunneling of electrons into vibrating surface atoms, phonon oscillations can be observed on the atomic scale. Phonon interference patterns with unusually large signal amplitudes have been revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in intercalated van der Waals heterostructures. Our results show that the effective radius of these phonon quasi-bound states, the real-space distributio...

A high-frequency optical phonon mode of SrTiO3 (STO) was found to assist the high-temperature superconductivity observed recently at the interface between monolayer FeSe and STO substrate. However, the origin of this mode is not clear. Through first-principles calculations, we find that there is a novel polar phonon mode on the surface layers of the STO substrate, which does not exist in the ST...

The electron-phonon interaction is the dominant process that controls the energy relaxation of carriers, in semiconductors and related heterostructures. If the excess energy of the electron ensemble is sufficiently high, the process of electron cooling may generate significant nonequilibrium electron and optical-phonon populations which may cause substantial changes in the carrier relaxation ki...

The vibrational properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes reflect the electron and phonon confinement as well as the cylindrical geometry of the tubes. Raman scattering is one of the prime techniques for studying the fundamental properties of carbon tubes and nanotube characterization. The most important phonon for sample characterization is the radial-breathing mode, an in-phase radial move...

Ti12xScxN alloys were used to investigate the effects of carrier density and the density of states ~DOS! at the Fermi level E f on vibrational modes, phonon anomalies, and superconducting transition temperatures Tc . Single-crystal Ti12xScxN layers, 2000 Å thick, with compositions spanning the entire alloy range (0<x <1), were grown on MgO~001! by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputter dep...

Spatial variation in growth is a common feature of demersal fish populations which often exist as discrete adult sub-populations linked by a pelagic larval stage. However, it remains unclear whether variation in growth occurs at similar spatial scales for populations of highly migratory pelagic species, such as tuna. We examined spatial variation in growth of albacore Thunnus alalunga across 90...

This article analyzes the main objectives of the scientific voyage to circumnavigate the earth, undertaken by the United States from 1838 to 1842. Charting was one of the most important of the scientific and strategic goals of the exploratory voyage. The initiative for the undertaking was the search for exact positioning on the high seas after the establishment of the longitude system, when nau...