Since the 19th century, opium has been produced and consumed in the areas of Asia, currently referred to as the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle (1). The Golden Crescent lies in South and Southwest Asia, including districts in the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, the adjacent Badakhshan area of Afghanistan and the Baluchistan area of Iran. The area has been the scene of tradition...

Telecommunication Union (ITU) Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU). The paper, together with background resources on the topic, have been prepared in the framework of a research project on " mobile overtakes fixed ". The project is part of ITU's New Initiatives Programme and under the project management of Lara Srivastava . Information on all activities carried out under the ...

Most studies dealing with species distribution patterns on fragmented landscapes focus on the characteristics of habitat patches that influence local occurrence and abundance, but they tend to neglect the question of what drives colonization of previously unoccupied patches. In a study of the dryad butterfly, we combined classical approaches derived from metapopulation theory and landscape ecol...

Agent supervision is a form of control/customization where a supervisor restricts the behavior of an agent to enforce certain requirements, while leaving the agent as much autonomy as possible. This is done in a setting based on the situation calculus and a variant of the ConGolog programming language that is situation-determined, i.e., the remaining program is a function of the action performe...

This paper introduces GLAM, a system based on situation calculus and meta-rules, which is able to provide adaptation by means of selection of actions. It is primarily designed to provide adaptive navigation. The different levels of conception, related to different aspects of the available metadata, are split in different layers in GLAM, in order to ease the conception of the adaptation system a...

a three-year field experiment was conducted under conditions of luvic chernozem soil. diversified nitrogen fertilization with 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg n ha-1, and microbial preparations improving soil properties were applied to potatoes, cv. ‘satina’, cultivation. n–no3 concentration in the soil profile (0–0.9 m) in autumn after potato harvesting fluctuated from 28 kg n ha-1 in the n0 treatment t...

As an important means of fire prevention, risk detection and early warning can timely alarm in the stage spread, strive for golden time extinguishing personnel, have value reducing loss life property caused by fire. Nowadays, technology has developed to robot. With flexibility intelligence robot, accuracy will be further improved, probability false reduced, so as promote improvement safety mana...

We present first ideas on how results about qualitative spatial reasoning can be exploited in reasoning about action and change. Current work concentrates on a line segment based calculus, the dipole calculus and necessary extensions for representing navigational concepts like turn right. We investigate how its conceptual neighborhood structure can be applied in the situation calculus for reaso...