Compton gamma-ray imaging is inherently based on the assumption of gamma rays scattering with free electrons. In reality, the non-zero momentum of target electrons bound in atoms blurs this ideal scattering response in a process known as Doppler broadening. The design and understanding of advanced Compton telescopes thus depends critically on the ability to accurately account for Doppler broade...

The Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS) is an ASTeC experiment designed to measure the energy of electrons from different cathode materials. It is a dedicated test stand for future light sources. A full particle tracking code has been developed in the QUASAR Group, which simulates particle trajectories through TESS. Using this code it is possible to simulate different operational condi...

Cosima is the Geant4-based simulator of the medium-energy gamma-ray astronomy library MEGAlib. Within the MEGAlib framework, Cosima is designed to be a simple, fool-proof interface to Geant4 and to enable the simulation of most of the measurement scenarios encountered by X-ray and gamma-ray detectors in space and on Earth.

Synopsis In a recent attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy experiment from a metal surface [A. L. Cavalieri et al. Nature (London) 449, 1029 (2007)] a tail of unexplained low-energy electrons was measured. These electrons are shown to be due to electron-electron scatterings as the photoelectrons leave the metal. We develop a model for single scattering and a model based on cascade theory to des...

The algorithm of the simulation of energy losses for hadrons with kinetic energy down to few eV is described. The details of its implementation in Geant4 are discussed. The comparison of the results of simulation with the experimental data is presented. 1 Introduction GEANT4 [1] is a toolkit for Monte Carlo particle transport simulation for a wide range of applications and it is based on the Ob...

GEANT4 is a detector simulation toolkit designed for the new generation of High Energy Physics experiments as well as for nuclear physics, astrophysics, medical and space applications and radiation background studies. An overview of its main features is presented, with emphasis on the most recent enhancements and a selection of results from Geant4-based simulations in various experimental envir...

Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the anti-neutrino fluxe...

Acceleration and transport of high-energy particles and fluid dynamics of atmospheric plasma are interrelated aspects of solar flares, but for convenience and simplicity they were artificially separated in the past. We present here self-consistently combined Fokker-Planck modeling of particles and hydrodynamic simulation of flare plasma. Energetic electrons are modeled with the Stanford unified...

Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as 'chaperones' in the cell when th...

The monochromatic, aberration-corrected, dual-beam low energy electron microscope (MAD-LEEM) is a novel instrument aimed at imaging of nanostructures and surfaces at sub-nanometer resolution that includes a monochromator, aberration corrector and dual beam illumination. The monochromator reduces the energy spread of the illuminating electron beam, which significantly improves spectroscopic and ...