In recent years, rapid development has been achieved in technologies and sensors related to autonomous driving assistive technologies. this study, low-cost light detection ranging (LiDAR) was used estimate leaf water content (LWC) by measuring LiDAR reflectance instead of morphological measurement (e.g., plant size), which is the conventional method. Experimental results suggest that reflection...

Although in water-deficient regions, agricultural runoff, drainage water or surplus irrigation is often used, there are constraints related to its quality be considered (salinity, nutrients and pollutants). Thus, it necessary treat considering the low-energy supply systems available farmers. This work focuses on a nature-based treatment system consisting of two prototypes anaerobic bioreactors ...