The Kimberley region of Western Australia possesses a poorly studied freshwater fish fauna with high endemism in an aquatic landscape subject to monsoonal floods and dry season isolation. In the first population genetic study of freshwater fish in this region, the authors tested the effects of geographic barriers on genetic structure at multiple spatial scales in east Kimberley populations of t...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of residence in mountainous or lowland areas with total and coronary mortality, in a cohort with 15 years of follow up. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective study, based on the adult population of two lowland and one mountainous village in rural Greece. Baseline measurements on sociodemographic, lifestyle, somatometric, clinical, and biochemical variab...

Seeds of high-mountain species are thought to germinate rapidly, synchronously and at high percentages after a cold period, with limited dependence on the external environment; yet, empirical evidence only partially supports this behaviour. We performed a comparative study of the germination response of two closely related taxa along an altitude gradient in northern Spain. Seeds from several ma...

A comparative analysis of the habitats of Baldellia ranunculoides (subsp. ranunculoides and subsp. repens) and Baldellia alpestris (Alismataceae) was carried out across central and western Europe. Soil samples from 43 populations were analyzed and the composition of accompanying vegetation was analyzed by canonical correspondence and indicator species analysis. Significant differences in the ha...

Experiments were conducted to determine methane emission from a rainfed lowland rice field (water depth about 3–30 cm) and an irrigated shallow rice field (4–6 cm), both planted to the same cultivar, cv. ‘Gayatri,’ as influenced by fertilizer management practices. Methane emission peaked from 100 to 125 days after transplanting followed by a decline in rainfed lowland field plots. Application o...

Insectivorous bird flocks were observed in all types of forested habitats during the nonbreeding season in western Mexico. The species composition of flocks changed markedly and predictably among five categories of habitat type. The average number of species per flock in lowland habitats was 4.7, while a mean of 18.6 species participated in highland flocks, ranking the latter among the most spe...

Understanding and monitoring ecological impacts of the expanding agricultural industry in Belize is an important step in conservation action. To compare possible alterations in herpetofaunal communities due to these anthropogenic changes, trapping arrays were set in a manicured orchard, a reclaimed orchard and a lowland broadleaf forest in Stann Creek district at Toucan Ridge Ecology and Educat...

OBJECTIVES Native Andean ancestry gives partial protection from reduced birthweight at high altitude in the Andes compared with European ancestry. Whether Andean ancestry is also associated with body proportions and greater postnatal body size at altitude is unknown. Therefore, we tested whether a greater proportion of Andean ancestry is associated with stature and body proportions among Peruvi...

Codonoboea personatiflora Kiew & Y.Y.Sam, sp. nov., is described from lowland forest in the foothills in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. It is unique in the genus in its personate flower. Its conservation status falls within the IUCN Endangered category.

Shape analysis of city growth is an essential means to develop a comprehensive city plan and the key elements of shape analysis are shape descriptors. Recently, many cellular urban models have been developed including the special models for lowland cities. Shape descriptors are the indices used for output of such urban models. Shape descriptors play a very important role in model fitness, calib...