a 25-year-old afghan male was presented to the emergency department with femoral shaft fracture following fall from the height. the patient was subjected to femoral nerve block and general anesthesia. first try for performing nerve block led to vascular puncture. therefore, the needle was removed and re-inserted 1 cm lateral to first puncture site and dex injected slowly with aspiration check a...

We investigate the behavior of a complete flat metric on surface near puncture. call puncture regular if it has neighborhood which is isometric to that point at infinity cone. prove there are punctures not and only curvature $4\pi$. classify irregular up modification equivalence, where two called modification-equivalent they have neighborhoods. show uncountably many modification-equivalence cla...

The problem was analyzed and the pathophysiology of post-dural puncture headache highlighted. Clinical manifestations, risk factors diagnosis this complication are given. Modern methods for treatment described. own experience on prevention made public with conclusion that when using Ball-Pen needles, only 12 (0.56 %) 2125 patients complained hea­dache, which is 12.5 times less than average stat...

BACKGROUND Lumbar epidural blood patch (EBP) is a common treatment of post-dural puncture headache, but its effectiveness and mode of action remain a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess both the effectiveness and the predictive factors of failure of EBP on severe post-dural puncture headache. METHODS This prospective observational study includes all patients treated in the a...

Post-lumbar puncture headache is the most common complication of lumbar puncture. This condition is thought to be the result of persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site, leading to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure and traction on the meninges and intracranial veins. Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, auditory and vestibular symptoms. Meningeal irritation signs ...