BACKGROUND Respiratory muscle strength has been related to the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgeries. The main documented therapeutic purpose of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the reduction of pain, which could bring secondary benefits to the respiratory muscles and, consequently, to lung capacities and volumes. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to ...

A review of mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions is presented and some extrapolations are made concerning cardiopulmonary resuscitation, with the following conclusions: (1) The cardiac fossa of the lungs provides a soft heart bed at normal lung volumes, but tenses at higher volumes to improve the support of the heart during postural changes. (2) The cardiac fossa is a physiologic constraint ...

After pneumonectomy (PNX), mechanical strain on the remaining lung is greatly increased. To assess whether remaining lobes expand uniformly after left or right PNX (removing 42 and 58% of lung mass, respectively), we performed high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans at 45 ml/kg above end-expiratory lung volume on adult male foxhounds after left or right PNX, which were compared with adul...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a high body mass index (BMI) can both affect pulmonary volumes as well as exercise tolerance, but their combined effect on these outcomes is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of increased BMI during constant workrate cycle ergometry in patients with COPD. METHODS Men with COPD and hyperinflation wer...

OBJECTIVE To measure the association of body mass index (BMI) to lung volumes assessed by spirometer. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, from February to August 2009. METHODOLOGY Two hundred and twenty-five apparently healthy adult office workers of either gender aged ...

BACKGROUND In recent years it has been suggested that in COPD, lung volumes can be modified more than expiratory flows, with bronchodilators. AIM To study the acute effects of salbutamol on FEV1 and lung volumes at rest. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty stable COPD patients were studied using a single dose of salbutamol (200 microg). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), slow vital capacit...

It is the purpose of this study to evaluate how self-expanding stents (SESs) affect esophageal cancer radiation planning target volumes (PTVs) and dose delivered to surrounding organs at risk (OARs). Ten patients were evaluated, for whom a SES was placed before radiation. A computed tomography (CT) scan obtained before stent placement was fused to the post-stent CT simulation scan. Three method...

BACKGROUND Breathlessness is associated with major adverse health outcomes and is twice as common in women as men in the general population. We evaluated whether this is related to their lower absolute lung volumes. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot, including static spirometry and diffusing capacity (n = 1,013; 49% w...

INTRODUCTION Recent cohort studies have identified the use of large tidal volumes as a major risk factor for development of lung injury in mechanically ventilated patients without acute lung injury (ALI). We compared the effect of conventional with lower tidal volumes on pulmonary inflammation and development of lung injury in critically ill patients without ALI at the onset of mechanical venti...

Background. Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods. ...