What is the best way of providing incentives to a team of agents? Agency theory has given a number of answers in the past three decades on the choice between collective and relative incentive provision. We present a broad overview of this rich literature through a simple model. While the early contributions emphasize the role of performance comparison and competition in motivating agents, more ...

Contingency formulations of Human Resource Management (HRM) theory suggest that the effectiveness of HRM practices should vary across firms. This study examined whether the relationship between HRM practices and productivity in manufacturing companies is contingent upon organizational climate and strategic orientation. Information on HRM, organizational structure, and competitive strategy was c...

Performance pay, at least as usually understand, is no good idea for non-executive directors. They have to supervise and control or in some situations even to fire and replace the executive managers. This means that their performance as supervisors is totally different from the performance of the supervised executive managers and even the company at large. Moreover, they are mostly interested i...

We have numerically computed survival probabilities of solar neutrinos interacting with matter via MSW mechanism in the full three generation formalism with ∆m23 = 2.2 × 10−3 eV. For θ13 ∼ 30◦, we confirm the two regions found in the two generation case, (1) with the most likelyhood, small sin(2θ12) ∼ 0.006, (2) with less likelyhood, large sin(2θ12) ∼ 0.5. For θ13 ∼ 30◦, we find an additional r...

The institutions of productive systems are structured by mutual interests and relative power. Securing mutually beneficial cooperation in production requires resolving distributional differences. These objectives are secured in liberal economic theory by the working of markets which mediate the power of individuals and reward individual success. The centrality of individuals and hierarchies in ...

ANTHROPOLOGY. For the article ‘‘Ancient mitochondrial M haplogroups identified in the Southwest Pacific,’’ by D. Andrew Merriwether, Jason A. Hodgson, Françoise R. Friedlaender, Robin Allaby, Salvatore Cerchio, George Koki, and Jonathan S. Friedlaender, which appeared in issue 37, September 13, 2005, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (102, 13034–13039; first published September 6, 2005; 10.1073 pna...

A murine model of spontaneous metastasis of mammary adenocarcinomas in mice was developed by serial transplantation of spontaneous BALB/cfC3H/Crgl tumours into the mammary gland. Through 8 transplant generations, 5 lines demonstrated maintenance of metastatic phenotype and consistent gross and histological morphology and growth properties. Tumour lines M12, M35, and M51 metastasized from the ma...

Potential, Prizes and Performance: Testing Tournament Theory with Professional Tennis Data This paper tests two hypotheses from the theory of elimination tournaments: (i) that uneven tournaments, where the contestants are ex ante heterogeneous, entail lower effort exertion; this is a prediction from agency theory that has not been tested empirically before; and (ii) whether incentives set throu...

A set of proper subgroups is a covering for a group if its union is the whole group. The minimal number of subgroups needed to cover G is called the covering number of G, denoted by σ(G). Determining σ(G) is an open problem for many nonsolvable groups. For symmetric groups Sn, Maróti determined σ(Sn) for odd n with the exception of n = 9 and gave estimates for n even. In this paper we determine...

Abstract Introduction Leadless right ventricular (RV) pacing has been recently proposed as alternative to conventional pacemakers (PM's). While RV with a PM is known cause deterioration of left (LV) and systolic function over time, the effects leadless PM's are currently under-explored. In this prospective randomized study, we hypothesized that effect time on both LV not inferior pacing. Method...