Macrolides are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine, the leading antibiotics terms of consumption. The release macrolides their metabolites into environment through municipal wastewater can have an adverse effect on aquatic ecosystems human health. In present study, a method for non-targeted screening semi-quantitative determination macrolide derivatives based combination chromatogra...

Since 1950, well over fifty macrolides have been derived from various Actinomycetes in screening laboratories located at many corners of the world. Among the most intensely studied macrolides are those produced on a commercial scale (erythromycin, oleandomycin, tylosin, leucomycin and spiramycin) as well as examples of particular historical/scientific importance (Magnamycin, pikromycin, narbomy...

erythromycin resistance (<5%) in Europe are reported from Switzerland, Germany and the UK. In 1979, Spain had <1% of resistance to erythromycin but this progressively increased to 15–17% in 1994. Other European countries, such as France, Belgium or Hungary, have exceeded 25% resistance rates [6, 12]. In most countries, an association between the local prevalence of pneumococcal resistance to pe...

The in vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR3647), a new ketolide, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was determined by the broth microdilution test using 41 clinical isolates obtained in Japan, as compared with those of five macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and josamycin), minocycline, and levofloxacin. Telithromycin was less potent than azithromycin, but it was...

A new concept in design of safe glucocorticoid therapy was introduced by conjugating potent glucocorticoid steroids with macrolides (macrolactonolides). These compounds were synthesized from various steroid 17β-carboxylic acids and 9a-N-(3-aminoalkyl) derivatives of 9-deokso-9a-aza-9a-homoeritromicin A and 3-descladinosyl-9-deokso-9a-aza-9a-homoeritromicin A using stable alkyl chain. Combining ...

As leptospirosis is a treatable disease, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important for better prognosis. Early diagnosis depends on the knowledge of epidemiological factors, presenting features and use of appropriate laboratory tests. Early institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in combination with supportive therapy reduces the mortality from this disease. Leptospires are se...

Streptococcus pyogenes is the major bacterial pathogen responsible for acute pharyngitis in children. Oral penicillin is the drug of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis, while macrolides are an alternative option for patients allergic to penicillin. The frequent use of macrolides promotes the spread of erythromycin resistance (1-2), but reducing the use of these antibiotics has been correlated...

This summary of the current knowledge of macrolide therapy serves as an example of recent progress in the therapeutic approach to treating patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The benefit of macrolides in the treatment of patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, as seen in Japan, was the rational behind trials in patients with CF. Thus far, the majority of re...

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an uncommon disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, which is usually associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, ascites, and peripheral eosinophilia. Steroids remain the mainstay of treatment for EGE, but symptoms often recur when the dose is reduced. Macrolides have immunomodulatory effects as well as antibacterial ...