We present a case of hemophagocytic syndrome in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive man with iron-deficiency anemia that did not respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical resolution occurred only after a splenectomy was performed.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma, marked by liver, spleen, and bone marrow sinusoidal infiltration, with an aggressive clinical course, which represents a difficult diagnostic task for clinicians and pathologists. Another equally severe and challenging condition is the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (also called hemophagocytic syndrome [HS]), which is oft...

Background Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) are hyperinflammatory conditions, in which IFNγ plays a pivotal role. Prompt recognition early treatment essential to improve the outcome mortality rate. Objectives This is retrospective multicenter study. We correlated traditional laboratory parameters of hyperinflammation with IL-18 related...

he fulminant hemophagocytic syndromes, as recently defined by Cline, are aggressive and often fatal disorders, most frequent in children but occurring in all ages, that are characterized by fever, systemic symptoms, jaundice, multiple organ failure, coagulopathy, and phagocytosis of blood elements with cytopenias. Death may occur in up to 40% of cases. A distinction is generally made between fa...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a result of uncontrolled macrophage activation with prominent phagocytosis of platelets, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes and hematopoietic precursors. Attempt should be made to establish or rule out HLH in patients presenting with fever, multisystem inflammation, and varying degrees of unexplained pancytopenia. Owing to the guarded prognosis associated ...