This paper aims to provide a method for using magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) to visualize local conductivity changes associated with evoked neuronal activities in the brain. MREIT is an MRI-based technique for conductivity mapping by probing the magnetic flux density induced by an externally injected current through surface electrodes. Since local conductivity change...

Heat-transfer through weakly magnetized diffuse astrophysical plasmas excites whistlers. This leads to electron whistler resonant scattering, a reduction of the electron mean-free path, and heat-flux inhibition. However, only whistlers propagating at a finite angle to the magnetic field (off-axis) can scatter the heat-flux carrying electrons. Thus, the level of heat flux-inhibition along the ma...

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) utilizes the relation between conductivity and magnetic flux density induced by externally injected current to perform conductivity imaging of body tissues. A spin echo pulse sequence has been predominantly used in MREIT to acquire the z-component Bz of the induced magnetic flux density data from MR phase images. Spin echo based MREIT p...

According to conventional view, sunspots form when coherent magnetic flux tubes intersect the surface. Such tubes would rise from the bottom of the convection zone as a result of an instability. In this study an alternative view is advanced where the field is produced throughout the entire convection zone and sunspots may form from local flux concentrations near the surface. In order to underst...

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) measures magnetic flux density signals through the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to visualize the internal conductivity and/or current density. Understanding the reconstruction procedure for the internal current density, we directlymeasure the second derivative ofB z data from themeasured kspace data, from which we ...

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) measures magnetic flux density signals through the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to visualize the internal conductivity and/or current density. Understanding the reconstruction procedure for the internal current density, we directly measure the second derivative of Bz data from the measured k-space data, from which ...

According to conventional view, sunspots form when coherent magnetic flux tubes intersect the surface. Such tubes would rise from the bottom of the convection zone as a result of an instability. In this study an alternative view is advanced where the field is produced throughout the entire convection zone and sunspots may form from local flux concentrations near the surface. In order to underst...

The response of particle density to a dilation of a periodic potential in an insulator, with or without a fixed background potential or a magnetic field, is shown to be quantized. A similar phenomenon occurs in a quantum Hall system, where the derivative of the electron density with respect to the magnetic field is quantized in units of e/h, the inverse flux quantum. A number of other interesti...

This paper improves an analytical model for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) by a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) approach. The proposed MEC model consists of three major regions: the stator, the rotor, and the air gap. The conventional reluctance approach is applied to the first two regions. Since the magnetic field in air gap region is supposed to distribute unevenly, t...