In JPEG2000, the Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (CDF) 9/7-tap wavelet filter is implemented using the conventional lifting scheme. On the other hand, this wavelet filter has two problems: the filter coefficients remain complex, and the conventional lifting scheme does not consider the image edges in the coding process. This paper proposes an effective lifting scheme to solve these problems. For this...

A general theory is developed for constructing the shallowest possible circuits and the shortest possible formulae for the carry save addition of n numbers using any given basic addition unit. (A carry save addition produces two numbers whose sum is equal to the sum of the n input numbers). More precisely, it is shown that if BA is a basic addition unit with occurrence matrix N then the shortes...

This paper is concerned with testing the hypothesis that a conditional median function is linear against a nonparametric alternative with unknown smoothness. We develop a test that is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the linear model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. The test accommodates conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form. The numerical pe...

Purpose: After performing pylous-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, there are several methods of performing pancreaticojejunostomy for preventing pancreatic leakage. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of two methods of jejunal anastomosis after pancreaticojejunostomy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical results of 49 patients who had received pancreaticojejunos...

Abstract The study of electoral system reform is often focused on consolidated democracies. This special issue reforms in the Mediterranean region selects both democracies and moderate authoritarian systems. It analyses under aspects how they deal with dilemma between improving ‘governability’ by majoritarian instruments versus increasing proportionality representation. While governability also...

In this paper we study space-efficient deterministic population protocols for several variants of the majority problem including plurality consensus. We focus on space efficient majority protocols in populations with an arbitrary number of colours C represented by k-bit labels, where k = dlogCe. In particular, we present asymptotically space-optimal (with respect to the adopted k-bit representa...

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) enables performing arithmetic and logic operations at the molecular scale. This nanotechnology promises high device density, low power consumption and high computational power. Unlike the CMOS technology where the ON and OFF states of the transistors represent binary information, in QCA, data is represented by the charge configuration. The primary and basic devic...