nowadays, due to recent developments and researches in dental science, it is possible to preserve and restore previously extracted cases such as teeth with extensive caries, fractured or less appropriate cases for crown coverage as well as teeth with external perforation caused by restorative pins. in order to restore the teeth with preservation of periodontium, we should know thoroughly physio...

BACKGROUND Health professionals are expected to engage pregnant women in shared decision making to help them make informed values-based decisions about prenatal screening. Patient decision aids (PtDAs) foster shared decision-making, but are rarely used in this context. Our objective was to identify factors that could influence health professionals to use a PtDA for decisions about prenatal scre...

background: health records serve several purposes and must be retained to meet those purposes. these varied purposes influence how long health records must be kept, or their retention period. the present study aimed to recognize laws and procedures related to retention of health records in selected countries and provide a proposed guideline for iran. methods: this was an applied, descriptive-co...

Clinical laboratory tests play an integral role in medical decision-making and as such must be reliable and accurate. Unfortunately, no laboratory tests or devices are foolproof and errors can occur at pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of testing. Evaluating possible conditions that could lead to errors and outlining the necessary steps to detect and prevent errors before th...

This Article examines the importance of patient autonomy and competence in medical decision making and how questions of competence affect informed consent. The author explores three hypothetical cases which “outline the parameters of ‘competence’ by illustrating the methodologies used in making [determinations of competence], distinguishing between ethical and legal issues in the assessment of ...

With our ageing population, the number of older adults with cognitive impairment has also increased. There is both an acute and growing need for evidence-based assessments to identify their decision making capacity and competence. In the present article we (1) present definitions of decision-making capacity and competence, (2) review cognitive functions that are central to decision-making capac...

evidence-based dentistry (ebd) is very limitedly known in iran, and has been defined as an approach to oral healthcare that requires the judicious integration of systemic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidences, related to patient’s history and oral and medical conditions, with dentist’s clinical expertise and patient’s treatment needs and preferences. (1-5) the ebd is a popular...

PURPOSE To compare four standard-setting procedures for an objective structure clinical examination (OSCE). METHODS A 12-station OSCE was administered to 84 students in each of the final (fourth-) year medical classes of 1996 and 1997 at Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine. Four standard-setting procedures (Angoff, borderline, relative, and holistic) were applied to the data to establish...