: A varicocele is among the most often reported reasons for male infertility. Malfunctioning of testicles a potential consequence. Semen quality and postoperative spontaneous conception can both be enhanced by varicocelectomy.

Sound spectroanalysis was carried out for diagnosis of malfunctioning prosthetic heart valves in 50 cases, which consisted of 31 mitral, 14 aortic, 4 mitral+aortic and 1 tricuspid valve replacements with the age ranging from 17 to 57 years. Types of prosthetic valves used in this series were Starr-Edwards silicon ball valves, metal ball valves, disc valves, Kay-Shiley valves, Smeloff-Cutter val...

A non-fatal accident with a CGR-Sagittaire accelerator in the Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center (DDHCC) in Rotterdam in 1988 is described. In a period with frequently occurring technical problems, a patient, undergoing fractionated treatment at this accelerator for prostatic cancer, developed severe skin reactions on the right half ventral part of thorax, head and upper arm. The skin reactions s...

knowledge of surgery is one of the milestones in islamic civilization. the purpose of this study was to find principles and proven techniques used by muslim surgeons, third to twelfth century ah. the present study, enjoying a historical approach, used a descriptive analysis method with matching samples. the findings of the study revealed that, during this period, some of the principles and tech...

A Hysitron Triboindenter has been used to determine the mechanical properties of hardened cement paste and cement paste at the early age. This technique provides an in-situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM) imaging facility that allows pre and post-test observation of the sample. The same probe is used to indent and image eliminating the complicated situation of locating the same area with differ...

The greatest burden of surgical disease exists in low- and middle-income countries, where the quality and safety of surgical treatment cause major challenges. Securing necessary and appropriate medical supplies and infrastructure remains a significant and under-recognised limitation to providing safe and high-quality surgical care in these settings. The majority of surgical instruments are sold...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few standardized testing procedures exist for instruments intended for Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery. These testing procedures are critical for evaluating surgical skills and surgical instruments to ensure sufficient quality. This need is widely recognized by endoscopic surgeons as a major hurdle for the advancement of Natural Orifice Translumenal En...

For ease of use and to aid precision, left-handed instruments are invaluable to the left-handed surgeon. Although they exist, they are not available in many surgical centres. As a result, most operating theatre staff (including many left-handers) have little knowledge of their value or even application. With specific reference to cardiac surgery, this article addresses the ways in which they di...

The Northwest Society for Classical Studies (NWCS) was honored and privileged to have Professor Larry Bliquez speak on one of his favorite topics, the surgical instruments found in classical archeological sites and described in classical literature. Professor Bliquez is a distinguished and popular University of Washington professor, trained in classical (Latin and Greek) philology, winner of th...

In radiosurgery, a moving beam of radiation acts as an ablative surgical instrument. Conventional systems for radiosurgery use a cylindrical radiation beam of fixed cross section. The radiation source can be moved only along simple, standardized paths. A new radiosurgical system based on a six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm has been developed to overcome limitations of conventional systems. We a...