fatemeh zahra karimi phd student of reproductive health, student research committee, school of nursing and midwifery, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran hossein ebrahimipour phd, associate professor, health sciences research center, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran elaheh hooshmand phd, assistant professor, health sciences research center, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran roghayeh bayrami msc in midwifery, instructor, school of nursing and midwifery, urmia university of medical sciences, urmia, iran maryam pourshirazi msc student of midwifery, school of nursing and midwifery, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran maliheh afiat phd, assistant professor, department of obstetrics and gynecology, faculty of medicine, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran