Marine biology is a hybrid subject that combines aspects of organismal function, ecological interaction and the study of marine biodiversity.[1] The earliest studies of marine biology can be traced back to the Phoenicians and the Greeks who are known as the initial explorers of the oceans and their composition.[2] However, it was Aristotle (384-322 BC) who was the first to record any observatio...

Bone grafting of the patellar defect from harvest of the central third bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been advocated by some authors to decrease the risk of patellar fracture from the existing stress riser as well as decrease postoperative donor site pain. We present a method of harvesting bone reamings during ACL reconstruction that i...

For the purpose of understanding mechanism grain refinement in cast metal by mechanical vibration, demonstration tests were conducted using an ammonium chloride solution. Ammonium solution and molds with various shape prepared for water model experiment. In case open mold, crystals crystallized on mold wall grew toward center without vibration. However, when vibration was applied, countless gen...

Compliant vertical access risers (CVARs) are considered as efficient and robust alternative options to achieve cost efficiency safety. Design uncertainties emerge owing the limited understanding of effects various parameters related structural properties marine loads. In this paper, a reasonable three-dimensional (3D) numerical model CVAR with internal flow is presented based on slender rod the...

Hydrodynamics of gas-particle two-phase turbulent flow in a circulating fluidized bed riser is studied experimentally by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and numerically with the use of a 3D discrete hard sphere particle model (DPM). Mean particle velocities and RMS velocities are obtained and the influence of turbulence on the flow is investigated. The experimental data are analyzed and compar...

INTRODUCTION To account for meso-scale phenomena in coarse grid simulations, Reynolds stress terms appearing in the filtered gas-solid flow equations have to be modeled. Filtered models for the gas-solid momentum transfer are focused on and possible approaches are discussed. Three-dimensional steady-state simulations of developing flow in the bottom section of a riser in which the solid phase i...

Abstract One of the most serious incidents that can occur in offshore drilling and exploration is damage to well structure subsea components which result uncontrolled hydrocarbon release environment present a safety hazard rig personnel. Over decades, there have been substantial developments mathematical models algorithms used analyze stresses on related define operational integrity windows ope...