Since August 1995, near-infrared images of Neptune have regularly been obtained with the University-of-Hawaii adaptive optics system mounted on the f/35 Cassegrain focus of the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope. These images reveal Neptune’s cloud structure with an angular resolution reaching 0.12” in the H band. Using adaptive optics (AO), long-term monitoring of Neptune’s cloud activity is now p...

The near ubiquity of ingroup preference is consistent with the view that it is an automatic consequence of social categorization, possibly a basic foundation of intergroup relations. However, research with adults has demonstrated that automatic ingroup preference is notably absent among less dominant, less advantaged groups, an outcome predicted by System Justification Theory (Jost & Banaji, 19...

—In post-Cambrian time, five events—the end-Ordovician, end-Frasnian in the Late Devonian, end-Permian, end-Triassic, and end-Cretaceous—are commonly grouped as the ‘‘big five’’ global intervals of mass extinction. Plotted by magnitude, extinction intensities for all Phanerozoic substages show a continuous distribution, with the five traditionally recognized mass extinctions located in the uppe...

Ideologies that underlie concepts of ethnocentrism, authoritarianism, system justification, social dominance, and morality shape minds in sufficiently deep ways to bring about (a) congruence between implicit and explicit preferences, and (b) a consistently greater preference for socially advantaged groups among political conservatives than liberals on both explicit and implicit measures. Data f...

We reanalyzed data from Scherer and Wallbott’s (Scherer, 1997a, 1997b; Scherer & Wallbott, 1994; Wallbott & Scherer, 1995) International Study of Emotion Antecedents and Reactions to examine how phenomenological reports of emotional experience, expression, and physiological sensations were related to each other within cultures, and to determine if these relationships were moderated by cultural ...

The nature of ticklish smiling and the possible emotional state that accompanies it have been pondered since the ancient Greeks. Socrates proposed that tickle induced pleasure and pain. Others, including Darwin, have claimed that ticklish laughter is virtually the same as humorous laughter. The present study is the first to systematically examine facial behavior and self-reports of emotion in r...

Implicit prejudices are social preferences that exist outside of conscious awareness or control. In this review, we summarize evidence for three mechanisms that influence the expression of implicit prejudice: associative change, contextual change, and change in control over implicit prejudice. We then review the evidence (or lack thereof) for answers to five open issues in implicit prejudice re...

Affective evaluations (i.e., evaluations of affectively evocative stimuli) play important roles in many behaviors, including clinically relevant behaviors like disordered eating. Understanding automatic and controlled affective evaluations can enhance prediction and treatment of more deliberate versus more impulsive clinical behaviors, respectively. However, methodological and theoretical short...

This study examined the development of implicit race attitudes in American and Japanese children and adults. Ingroup bias was present early in both populations, and remained stable at each age tested (age 6, 10, and adult). Similarity in magnitude and developmental course across these two populations suggests that implicit intergroup bias is an early-emerging and fundamental aspect of human soc...

This paper is a report of a qualitative case study on the benefits of online discussion for a particular cohort of pre service teacher education students in their first year of a university English programme in Australia (Simpson, 2002). It is told as a first person account of how a university educator, myself, studied a semester of online discussion. My aim was to assess the learning outcomes ...