Muons are produced in the upper atmosphere as a result of the collisions of incoming highenergy particles from outer space with atmospheric particles. These muons then travel through the atmosphere at high energies and are thus measured to exist for a much longer time than their mean lifetime at rest. This experiment measures both the mean lifetime of muons at rest as well as the mean speed thr...

I. Ben-Itzhak, 1 J. P. Bouhnik, 2 Z. Chen, 1,* B. D. Esry, 3 I. Gertner, 2 C. Heinemann, 4,† W. Koch, 4 C. D. Lin, 1 and B. Rosner 2 J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel Department of Physics, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 Institut für Organische Chemie, Tec...

In the clinical trials of chronic diseases such as cancer or AIDS, it has been increasingly recognized that it is not enough just to consider simple time to event end points. For example, a new experimental drug may prolong overall survival time of patients, but in the meantime, it can be toxic for a longer period of time. Therefore, the trade-off between the quality and quantity of life of pat...

Clustering algorithms can balance the power consumption of energy constraint wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes a new clustering protocol called Mean Territorial Energy Based Clustering Protocol (MTEP) for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. In MTEP, cluster heads are selected according to residual energy and location information of a node in current round as well as mean ter...

The features of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption when compared with terrestrial radio transmissions. The negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate in such environments. Existing UWSN routing protocols do not consider the transmission collision probability differences resulting from ...