We study the lowest achievablemean square estimation error in two limiting optimal linear filtering problems. First, when the intensity of the process noise tends to zero, the lowest achievable mean square estimation error is a function of the unstable poles of the system. Second, when the intensity of the measurement noise tends to zero, the lowest achievable mean square estimation error is a ...

Let X(i), i t [0; 1] be a collection of identically distributed and pairwise uncorrelated random variables with common finite mean # and variance a 2. This paper shows the law of large numbers, i.e. the fact that ~ X ( i ) d i = #. It does so by interpreting the integral as a Pettis-integral. Studying Riemann sums, the paper first provides a simple proof involving no more than the calculation o...

Intravenous amiodarone (Amiodarone i.v.) is widely used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. The most frequent clinical adverse event associated with Amiodarone i.v. administration is systemic hypotension which has been attributed to the cosolvents used in the formulation, polysorbate 80 and benzyl alcohol. To minimize hypotension Amiodarone i.v. is diluted in 5% dextrose in water prior to administrat...

High-throughput techniques allow for massive screening of drug combinations. To find combinations that exhibit an interaction effect, one filters for promising compound combinations by comparing to a response without interaction. A common principle for no interaction is Loewe Additivity which is based on the assumption that no compound interacts with itself and that doses of both compounds for ...

astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in physics and medical physics books theoretically. in this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. the results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance...

We present a formulation of mean-field approximation for layered feed-forward stochastic networks. In this formulation, one can obtain not only estimates of averages for state variables of the networks but also those of intra-layer correlations, the latter of which cannot be obtained by the conventional mean-field approximation. Moreover, this formulation provides a framework to treat “conditio...

We present a formulation of mean-field approximation for layered feed-forward stochastic networks. In this formulation, one can obtain not only estimates of averages for state variables of the networks but also those of intra-layer correlations, the latter of which cannot be obtained by the conventional mean-jield approximation. Moreovel; this formulation provides a pamework to treat “condition...

This paper considers the measurement of the equity risk premium in financial markets. While there exists a vast amount of research into its behaviour, particularly in US markets, this is largely based on regression based techniques which do not capture well the dynamic and forward looking nature of the risk premium. In this paper the time variation of the unobserved risk premium is modelled by ...