Incomplete databases often require conservation scientists to estimate data either through expert judgment or other scoring, rating, and ranking procedures. At the same time, ecosystem complexity has led to the use of increasingly sophisticated algorithms and mathematical models to aid in conservation theorizing, planning, and decision making. Understanding the limitations imposed by the scales...

Modern geostatistical mapping methods are being applied to various types of data to produce more realistic and flexible characterizations of a natural random process. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) is a well-known geostatistical estimation method, especially for the use of soft knowledge as well as exact measurement data. Although development in geostatistical methods helps us to solve limi...

analyses illustrated that the spatial structure estimate obtained from measurement scale SLIla was inconsistent with that obtained from measurement scale t+. Thus, we conclude that the infiltrometer instrument fundamentally alters the infiltration process in such a way that measurements are only meaningful in a relative sense. Steady-state infiltration rates were measured at three instrument sc...

− We propose a new dimensional measurement technique that is capable of measuring the bottom surface of a stepwise shape. The measurement system is composed of a length scale and a sensor probe to read the scale. The probe is trapped and controlled three-dimensionally by laser trapping technique. The scale is arisen by optical interference, which is extended straight to the measured surface fro...

Cognitive presence, a sense of “being there” cognitively, has recently been considered an important factor for students’ engagement in e-learning. There is, however, no widely accepted quantitative measurement scale for cognitive presence because most studies on cognitive presence have been conducted qualitatively. Therefore, existing theories on cognitive sector-related research regarding cogn...

This paper proposes a method for fully automatic calibration of traffic surveillance cameras. Our method allows for calibration of the camera – including scale – without any user input, only from several minutes of input surveillance video. The targeted applications include speed measurement, measurement of vehicle dimensions, vehicle classification, etc. The first step of our approach is camer...

industrial organizations are complex systems` where the interactions among the various functions such as sales, distribution, manufacturing, materials, finance, human resources and maintenance have to be man-aged towards a common purpose of delivering the customers satisfaction. however, since most of these or-ganizations have a `functional structure`, each function or department works towards ...