introduction deep vein thrombosis is one of the most important complications in patients with spinal cord injury. this study compares the effects of mechanical prophylaxis with or without pharmacological prophylaxis on prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury. materials and methods we conducted a double blind clinical trial study with 75 cases. these patients were ...

The complex pathophysiologic phenomena encountered in patients with traumatic brain injuries can be viewed, ultimately, as the brain ’ s response to an external mechanical force. Preventing and treating the consequences of these injuries require an understanding of the mechanical factors that induce the injuries. In this chapter, we focus on the acute consequences of traumatic loading, referred...

Reactive gliosis is a process triggered in astrocytes after traumatic injury, yet the exact consequences of gliosis on cellular survival and neural regenerative processes in the injured brain remain only partly understood. One recently discovered feature influencing neuronal growth and differentiation is the physical stiffness of the environment surrounding pioneering neurites. In this study, t...

Objective: Femur is the strongest, longest and heaviest bone in the human body. Due to the great importance of femur in human body, its injury may cause large numbers of disabilities and mortality. Considering various effective parameters such as mechanical properties, geometry, loading configuration, etc. can propel the study to the trustable results.. Methods: A 3D finite element model of the...

BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is evasive to treat once developed, however evidence suggests that local administration of anesthetics near the time of injury reduces the development of neuropathic pain. As abnormal electrical signaling in the damaged nerve contributes to the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, local administration of anesthetics prior to injury may reduce its developme...

Although pathological changes in axonal morphology have emerged as important features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanical vulnerability of the axonal microcompartment relative to the cell body is not well understood. We hypothesized that soma and neurite microcompartments exhibit distinct mechanical behaviors, rendering axons more sensitive to a mechanical injury. In order to test t...

Liver grafts suffer from unavoidable injury due to ischemia and manipulation before implantation. Danger signals such as high-mobility group box -1(HMGB1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) play a pivotal role in the immune response. We characterized the kinetics of their release into the effluent during cold/warm ischemia and additional manipulation-induced mechanical damage. Fur...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotrophic cytokine with a diverse range of actions including the modulation of the peripheral and central nervous system. We have previously shown significant IL-6 protein and messenger RNA elevation in rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury that results in pain behaviors suggestive of neuropathic pain. These spinal IL-6 levels correlated directly with th...

The inflammatory response is a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process by which cells break down their own components. We explored the role of autophagy in the mechanisms of mechanical ventilation-induced lung inflammatory injury. Mice were subjected to low (7 ml/kg) or high (28 ml/kg) tidal volume ventilation for 2...