A melanotic macule is a benign pigmented lesion of oral cavity characterised by increase in melanin pigmentation. Presented here is a case report of 12 year old girl with black pigmented area on right buccal mucosa. An excision biopsy was done which confirmed the diagnosis by as melanotic macule.

BACKGROUND Adenosine is a nucleoside, in which an adenine molecule is attached to a ribofuranose sugar moiety. It can be released into the microenvironment by metabolically active cells, and then fulfills a multitude of functions in regulation of cell proliferation, by activating four subtypes of G protein-coupled adenosine receptors. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effect of ade...

Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin synthesis and controls pigmentation in the skin. The inhibition of tyrosinase is currently the most common approach for the development of skin-whitening cosmetics. Gagunin D (GD), a highly oxygenated diterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Phorbas sp., has exhibited cytotoxicity toward human leukemia cells. However, the effect of ...

Rationale: cAMP up-regulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor subtype M (MITF-M) and tyrosinase (Tyro) in the generation of heavily pigmented melanosomes. Here, we communicate a therapeutic mechanism of hyperpigmented disorder by α-viniferin, an active constituent of Caragana sinica. Methods: We used cAMP-elevated melanocyte cultures or facial hyperpigmented patches for pigmentati...

Although glycosphingolipids are ubiquitously expressed and essential for multicellular organisms, surprisingly little is known about their intracellular functions. To explore the role of glycosphingolipids in membrane transport, we used the glycosphingolipid-deficient GM95 mouse melanoma cell line. We found that GM95 cells do not make melanin pigment because tyrosinase, the first and rate-limit...

Pigmentation is induced by production of melanin in specialized organelles termed melanosomes and by transfer of these organelles from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes. The chemical basis of melanogenesis is relatively well known but the mechanism of melanosome transfer is not well studied. Various pigmentary disorders and cosmetic applications require the use of depigmenting agents. Cu...

A 75-year-old woman with a history of hydroxychloroquinetreated cutaneous lupus erythematosus presented with a bilateral sharply demarcated macular hyperpigmentation on both forearms (Fig. 1) and a partial melanonychia of the right thumb nail. This pigmentation disorder developed gradually over a 6-month period. No retinal pigmentation and no systemic disorder were revealed. Dermoscopy of the n...

(UV) light-induced skin damage. On the other hand, overexposure to UV radiation can lead to a pathological increase in melanin production. Epidermal hyper-pigmentation results from the increased activity of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase. Tyrosinase oxidizes the conversion of L-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and DOPA to DOPA quinone, which are the first two rate limiting ...

Most hymenopteran species exhibit conspicuous sexual dimorphism due to ecological differences between the sexes. As hymenopteran genomes, under the haplodiploid genetic system, exhibit quantitative differences between sexes while remaining qualitatively identical, sexual phenotypes are assumed to be expressed through sex-specific gene usage. In the present study, the molecular basis for express...