Melasma represents a pigmentary disorder that is difficult to treat. This study aims to broadly review the use of ablative lasers (Er:YAG and CO2) in the treatment of melasma, presenting the level of evidence of studies published to date. A total of 75 patients were enrolled in four case series studies (n=39), one controlled clinical trial (n=6) and one randomized controlled clinical trial (n=3...

Background Hypermelanosis includes a diverse group of genetic and acquired skin anomalies that appear as darker, hyperpigmented areas. Melasma, in particular, is a hypermelanotic condition that affects sun-exposed skin in females. Whether this condition is acquired or genetic is still controversial. However, it clearly correlates with exposure to UV light, a genetic predisposition, and hormonal...

Melasma is an acquired chronic hyperpigmentation which mainly affects women on sun-exposed areas of the body, especially face in Fitzpatrick skin types III-V. The study setting at Dermatology Clinic NILES, Cairo University, Egypt. This aims to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety fractional ablative erbium:YAG Laser therapy versus chemical peeling treatment melasma. included 30 patients with m...

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical 3% tranexamic acid gel vs 35% glycolic peel in treatment melasma over face.
 Materials Methods: This is an open labelled, Randomised Controlled Trial(RCT) conducted on 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided equally into 2 groups – Group A B. used twice a day B patients treated with contact period 5 minutes once every weeks. assessed m...

Abbreviations: BC: Before Christ; UV: Ultraviolet; NCBI: National Center For Biotechnology Information; Mirna: Microrna; IL-1: Interleukin 1; MSH: Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; LH: Luteinizing Hormone; FSH: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone; MC1R: Melanocortin Type 1 Receptor; ER: Estrogen Receptor ; PR :Progesterone Receptor; TPO: Thyroid Peroxidase; TSH: Thyroi...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Ilaria Muller, Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Institute of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Room 256, main building block C, second floor (C2 Link Corridor), University Hospital of Wales Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK, Tel: Tel: +44(0)29 2074 2182; Fax: +44(0)29 2074 4671; E-mail: ilaria.mull...

Background: Melasma is a brown or grayish brown symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation.A number of medicamens can be used for the treatment of this condition. For better results in treating melasma, combination therapy is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of azelaic acid 20% plus hydroquinone 5% versus hydroquinone 5% alone in the manageme...