Treatment of melasma remains challenging due to frequent relapses and the occurrence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following many interventions. Treatment goals are inhibition of melanin synthesis and transfer by sunscreens, sun avoidance and the use of bleaching agents on one hand and removal of already present pigment by peeling, lasers and light on the other hand. Triple combi...

Human phenotype including skin colour patterns is associated with genetic, evolutional as well as cultural aspects which rely on production of melanin. Melasma is crucial disorder related to the skin that affects the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the various contributing circulating biochemical markers that could be responsible for melasma. Fifty (50) patients suffering from...

The tretinoin peel, also known as retinoic acid peel, is a superficial peeling often performed in dermatological clinics in Brazil. The first study on this was published in 2001, by Cuce et al., as a treatment option for melasma. Since then, other studies have reported its applicability with reasonable methodology, although without a consistent scientific background and consensus. Topical treti...

Background. Multiple modalities have been used in the treatment of melasma with variable success. Niacinamide has anti-inflammatory properties and is able to decrease the transfer of melanosomes. Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical niacinamide versus hydroquinone (HQ) in melasma patients. Patients and Methods. Twenty-seven melasma patients were randomized to receive for eig...

Introduction: Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis seen mainly in women which occurs on the sun-exposed skin of the face. The exact cause of melasma is unknown. The majority of the cases are attributed to pregnancy, combined oral contraceptive pills, genetic factors, sun exposure, use of cosmetic products, thyroid disorders and anti-convulsant drugs. This study was performed to evaluate ...

Background: Melasma is the acquired, gradual and symmetric hyper pigmentation of the face. Melasma has been related to many factors such as pregnancy, genetic, endocrine and sun exposure but the exact relationship to endocrine factors isn’t still clear. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between melasma and polycystic ovarian disease and androgenic hormones. Patients and Methods: Th...

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical silymarin 0.7% with hydroquinone 4% in treatment melasma.
 Place Duration: This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted at dermatology OPD Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bara Kahu, Islamabad, a period one year from April 2020 to 2021.
 Patients Methods: Female patients having melasma were included study. The severity assessed ...

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Medlite C6 q-1064 laser combined with a topical antioxidant serum containing vitamin C, E, ferulic acid(CE Ferulic®, SkinCeuticals Inc) in treatment melasma. Methods: 61 patients melasma were enrolled this single-blind, randomized, split-face controlled study, one side face was treated CE Ferulic, control Q-1064 only. Laser once every 3 we...

conclusions our study showed that the triple therapy of nd: yag and nd: yag + co2 fractional and hydroquinone cream had high efficiency and low morbidity compared to twofold treatment with nd: yag and nd: yag + co2 fractional. results seventeen patients with melasma (14 females and three males) with mean (± sd) age of 38.47 (± 6.29) years (range 29 - 53) were included in this study. the only si...