This experimental study examines the mineral/ melt partitioning of incompatible trace elements among high-Ca clinopyroxene, garnet, and hydrous silicate melt at upper mantle pressure and temperature conditions. Experiments were performed at pressures of 1.2 and 1.6 GPa and temperatures of 1,185 to 1,370 C. Experimentally produced silicate melts contain up to 6.3 wt% dissolved H2O, and are satur...

We present a software application, SolEx, to calculate basaltic melt and coexisting vapour compositions in the system C–O–H–S–Cl. Such a model has great utility in interpreting emitted gas and melt inclusion compositions, especially through the incorporation of sulphur and chlorine, the most commonly measured volcanic gas species. We assume that the behaviour of the fluid phase is controlled by...

Intensive melt shearing was achieved using a twin-screw machine to condition an aluminium alloy prior to solidification. The results show that intensive melt shearing has a significant grain-refining effect. In addition, the intensive melt shearing reduces both the volume fraction and the size of porosity. It can reduce the density index from 10.50% to 2.87% and the average size of porosity in ...

Crystal dissolution may include three component processes: interface reaction, diffusion and complications due to convection. We report here a theoretical and experimental study of crystal dissolution in silicate melt without convection. A reaction-diffusion equation is developed and numerically solved. The results show that during non-convective crystal dissolution in silicate melt, the interf...

A least-squares spectral finite element method was used to develop an accurate computer code for prediction of solidification from a melt under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field. The computational results indicate significantly different flow-field patterns and thermal fields in the melt and the accrued solid in the cases of full gravity, reduced gravity, and an applied unif...

Morokweng is a large, 145 Ma impact structure in the Northwest Province of South Africa. The impact origin of this structure and its melt rock has been confirmed by ample evidence of shock metamorphism in clasts within the melt rock and samples from granitoid basement below the melt body. The age of this structure is indistinguishable from the biostratigraphic age of the Jurassic-Cretaceous (J-...

Significant zonation in major, minor, trace, and volatile elements has been documented in naturally glassy olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Siqueiros Fracture Zone and the Galapagos Islands. Components with a higher concentration in the host olivine than in the melt (e.g., MgO, FeO, Cr2O3, and MnO) are depleted at the edges of the zoned melt inclusions relative to their centers, whereas ...

EH6 Chondrites: The two principal groups of en-statite chondrites differ in their proportions of petro-logic types. Among EL chondrites, ~20% are type 3 and ~60% are type 6, whereas among EH chondrites, ~75% are type 3 and ~3% are type 6. As of this writing , there are five EH6 chondrites listed in the Meteor-itical Bulletin Database (MBD): A-882039, Y-793225 (EH6-an), Y-8404, Y-980211 and Y-98...

Oceanic forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet is believed to promote widespread thinning at tidewater glaciers, with submarine melting proposed as a potential trigger of increased glacier calving, retreat, and subsequent acceleration. The precise mechanism(s) driving glacier instability, however, remain poorly understood, and while increasing evidence points to the importance of submarine melting,...

We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, deploying sub-kilometer resolution around the grounding line since coarser resolution results in substantial underestimation of the response. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present-day observ...