payment mechanism health insurance is a serious challenge for policy makers, access to health, continuing care, need to technology, huge expenses a considerable part of health funds is collected. therefore organizing and designing appropriate policies for organizing, financing, payment mechanism for providers and role of diagnostic related groups system. in this study, our main objective study ...

Abstract The plant hormone auxin is distributed in the by a sophisticated network of importers and exporters, including members ABCB subclass ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABCB-mediated transport controlled Twisted Dwarf1, member FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family. Here, we summarize current knowledge on ABC transporter regulation FKBPs, which seems to be conserved over kingdoms sub...

This paper proposes a cooperative fault-detection mechanism for detecting cluster-head failures in cluster-based UnderWater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The proposed detection mechanism aims to accurately and fast detect the failure of a cluster head in order to avoid unnecessary energy consumption caused by a mistaken detection. For this purpose, it allows each cluster member to independently dete...

In a multiagent system, a (social) norm describes what the agents may expect from each other. Norms promote autonomy (an agent need not comply with a norm) and heterogeneity (a norm describes interactions at a high level independent of implementation details). Researchers have studied norm emergence through social learning where the agents interact repeatedly in a graph structure. In contrast, ...

Background Pricing and reimbursement authorities often lack sufficient information to decide about Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs), because of pricing, high levels of uncertainty and small datasets, amongst others. EU Member States share similar challenges as they seek to include OMPs appropriately in their healthcare systems. The “Process on Corporate Responsibility in the field of Pharmaceut...

Members of the enolase mechanistically diverse superfamily catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions that are related by a common mechanistic feature, the abstraction of a proton adjacent to a carboxylate group. Recent investigations into the function and mechanism of the phosphosulfolactate synthase encoded by the ComA gene in Methanococcus jannaschii have suggested that ComA, which cataly...

introduction: radiation induced bystander effect (ribe) which cause radiation effects in non-irradiated cells, has challenged the principle according to which radiation traversal through the nucleus of a cell is necessary for producing biological responses. what is the mechanism of this phenomenon? to have a better understanding of this rather ambiguous concept substantial number of original an...

a comparison between design codes i.e. aci and aisc-lrfd in evaluation of flexural strength of concrete filled steel tubular columns (cfts) is examined. for this purpose an analytical study on the response of cfts under axial-flexural loading is carried using three-dimensional finite elements with elasto-plastic model for concrete with cracking and crushing capability and elastoplastic kinemati...

background: medical education need to efficient teaching programs and the importance of lesson plans is irrefutable in promoting of education. this study aimed to use the assure model in studying the knowledge and attitudes of university faculty members' about the lesson plan at 2013 years. methods: the study was a descriptive analytical study and the study population was consisted of universit...